Наукові статті

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Alkaline aluminosilicate binder-based adhesives with increased fire resistance for structural timber elements
(2019) Krivenko, P. V.; Guzii, S. G.; Bondarenko, O. P.
The paper presents data on the use of the alkaline aluminosilicate binder-based adhesive of the system Na2O•Al2O3•(4-6)SiO2•(17-20)H2O for gluing and fire protection of structural timber elements. The results of the study of thermoresistant phases in the reaction products of the alkaline aluminosilicates are reported and discussed. The results allowed to show that at SiO2/Al2O3 between 5 and 6 the zeolite-like phases of heulandite types, which, under action of temperatures, are able to form a porous aluminosilicate artificial stone with low thermal conductivity (λ=0.09 Wt/m⋅К, DSTU B V.2.7-105-2000 (GOST 7076-99)) are formed in the reaction products. The use of the developed aluminosilicate adhesives allow for to classify the structural timber elements as hardly burnable and hardly flammable materials (GOST 12.1.044-1989, EN 13823 + A1: 2014-12, ASTM E119-07). They have the following characteristics: water resistance D3 (EN 204:2001), resistance in splitting up 7.8 MPa (GOST 16483.5-1973), adhesion in normal pull-off test up to 2.6 MPa (GOST 32299- 2013 (ISO 4624:2002)).
Autoclaved aerated concrete in Ukraine
(2020) Lapovska, Svitlana; Demchenko, Tetyana; Dyuzhilova, Nataliya
The article provides an overview of Ukrainian enterprises that produce autoclaved aerated concrete. The range of products manufactured for the period 2016-2019 is considered. The performance of enterprises and systemic technical solutions for the installation of energy-efficient exterior walls from AEROС LLC are analyzed.
Design of fire-resistant heat- and soundproofing wood wool panels
(2019) Tsapko, Yu.; Zavialov, D.; Bondarenko, O.; Pinchevsʹka, O.; Marchenko, N.; Guzii, S.
Проведеними дослідженнями встановлено можливості виготовлення тепло- та звукоізоляційних матеріалів для облаштування приміщень. Сировиною для їхнього виробництва є деревні волокна, які виготовляють у виді плоских плит. Встановлено механізми процесу тепло- та звукоізоляції при передаванні енергії через матеріал, що дає можливість впливати на цей процес. Доведено, що вони полягають у зниженні пористості матеріалу. Так, зі зменшенням об’ємної маси матеріалу, теплопровідність і передача звуку зменшується, і навпаки. Крім того, тепло- та звукоізоляційні будівельні матеріали з деревини повинні задовольняти наступним вимогам: мати стабільні теплоізоляційні і акустичні показники протягом усього періоду експлуатації та бути вогнестійкими і не виділяти в навколишнє середовище шкідливих речовин. Експериментальними дослідженнями підтверджено, що матеріал на основі деревної шерсті і неорганічного в’яжучого при співвідношенні 1:1 відноситься до горючих матеріалів, оскільки, під час температурного впливу було зафіксовано його тління. Так, під термічною дією протягом 90 с матеріал зайнявся і полум’я поширилося по першим трьом зонам протягом 41 с. Натомість, підвищення кількості в’яжучого на неорганічній основі та застосування органо-мінерального в’яжучого, не призводить до загорання матеріалу. При цьому максимальна температура димових газів становила близько 120 °C, а індекс горючості складав 0 за рахунок розкладання антипіренів під дією температури з виділенням негорючих газів, які гальмують процеси окиснення матеріалу та суттєво підвищують утворення на поверхні матеріалу теплозахисного шару коксу. Це приводить до гальмування теплопередачі високотемпературного полум’я до матеріалу. Завдяки цьому стало можливим визначення умов вогнестійкості матеріалу шляхом утворення бар’єру для теплопровідності. Це дозволяє стверджувати про відповідність виявленого механізму формування властивостей матеріалу на основі деревної шерсті і неорганічного та органо- мінерального в’яжучого та практичну привабливість запропонованих технологічних рішень. Останні, зокрема, стосуються визначення кількості складової в’яжучого, оскільки при малих кількостях проходить процес горіння. Таким чином, є підстави стверджувати про можливість спрямованого регулювання процесів формування деревинних тепло- та звукоізоляційних матеріалів шляхом використання деревної шерсті і неорганічного та органо-мінерального в’яжучого, які здатні утворювати на поверхні матеріалу вогнезахисну плівку.
Determination of the laws of thermal resistance of wood in application of fire-retardant fabric coatings
(2020) Tsapko, Yu.; Tsapko, A.; Bondarenko, O.
Given that the main material for making structures is wood, which belongs to the group of medium flammability materials, there is a need for flameproofing with modern effective means. Its essence lies in providing wood with the ability to resist flame and flame propagation on the surface. preventing free access of oxygen, which accelerates the combustion process, can eliminate the risk of fire
Determination of thermal and physical characteristics of dead pine wood thermal insulation products
(PC Technology Center, 2019) Tsapko, Yu.; Zavialov, D.; Bondarenko, O.; Marchenco, N.; Mazurchuk, S.; Horbachova, O.
Over the last decade, shrinkage of coniferous stands has grown at a threatening scale across much of Europe. Today, scientists say climate change is the most likely cause of shrinkage, leading to the spread of ipid bark beetle that quickly affects entire areas of healthy, ripening or mature stands.
Effect of a flame-retardant coating on the burning parameters of wood samples
(2019) Tsapko, Yu.; Bondarenko, O.; Tsapko, A.
Wood is widely used as a building material in construction and architecture due to its mechanical and operational properties. However, because of its high combustibility, it is a fire-hazardous material. Level of fire safety of objects in which wood building structures are used can be raised by means of fire protection treatment, namely, providing the wood with the ability to withstand flame and its surface propagation, preventing free access of oxygen which promotes wood destruction and accelerates the burning process.
Establishment of heat-exchange process regularities at inflammation of reed samples
(2019) Tsapko, Yu.; Bondarenko, O.; Tsapko, A.
At present, reed is growing in popularity as an environmentally safe roofing material. However, it is classified as a flammable material. To reduce this shortcoming, flame-retarding treatment is used, which makes this material resistant to inflammation.
Estimation of fire protection efficiency of articles made from reed under an external action of gasoline flame
(2019) Tsapkо, Yu.; Tsapko, А.; Bondarenko, O.; Sukhanevych, M.
Проведеними дослідженнями процесу займання очере- ту встановлено механізми процесу передавання тепла до матеріалу, що дає можливість впливати на цей процес. Доведено, що процес займання полягає у нагріванні мате- ріалу до критичної температури, коли починається інтен- сивний розклад з виділенням необхідної кількості горючих газів. Знаючи цей процес, стає можливим визначення ефек- тивності вогнезахисту та властивостей покрівельних ком- позицій на процес гальмування загорання очерету. При тер- мічній дії на вогнезахищені зразки на поверхні утворився спучений шар за рахунок розкладання антипіренів під дією температури з виділенням негорючих газів, які гальму- ють процеси окиснення матеріалу та суттєво підвищують утворення на поверхні очерету теплозахисного шару коксу. Це приводить до підвищення товщини шару коксу та галь- мування теплопередачі високотемпературного полум’я до матеріалу. Завдяки цьому стало можливим визначення умов вогнезахисту очерету шляхом утворення бар’єру для теплопровідності. Окрім того, при застосуванні вогнеза- хисного покриття температурний вплив здійснюється у напрямку реакцій у передполуменевій області убік утворен- ня сажеподібних продуктів на поверхні природного горючо- го матеріалу. Це дозволяє стверджувати про відповідність виявленого механізму формування властивостей вогне- захисту очерету спучуючими композиціями та практич- ну привабливість запропонованих технологічних рішень. Останні, зокрема, стосуються визначення кількості полі- мерної складової, оскільки очерет характеризується гід- рофобністю і водний розчин антипірену стікає з поверхні. Додавання ПВА-дисперсії призводить до зниження інтен- сивності вимивання антипірену з матеріалу більш ніж в 6...8 разів. Експериментальними дослідженнями підтвер- джено, що при дії полум’я бензину необроблений модельний зразок теплоізоляційного мату з очерету зайнявся на 205 c, що призвело до його повного згорання, натомість вогнеза- хищений зразок при термічній дії не загорівся, поширен- ня полум’я не відбулося, при цьому зафіксовано спучення захисного покриття на площі близько 0,028 м2, що сягало 3…4 мм. Таким чином, є підстави стверджувати про мож- ливість спрямованого регулювання процесів формування вогнезахисту очерету шляхом використання комплексної покрівельної композиції з суміші антипіренів, яка містить природній полімер, здатної утворювати на поверхні мате- ріалу вогнезахисну плівку.
Features of studying the efficiency of fire protection of a wooden wall with external exposure to the flame of combustible substances
(2019) Tsapko, Yu.; Bondarenko, O.; Pinchevska, О.; Buys’kykh, N.; Lakida, Yu.
The article analyzes the physical ways to provide the necessary limit of fire resistance of wooden structures, which have significant disadvantages, namely, leading to significant material costs and increase the volume of structures. Modern methods of fire protection of building structures are based on the use of blocking coatings, which are complex systems of organic and inorganic components. Studies of the combustibility of wood have shown that a raw specimen of timber construction is capable of engaging and spreading flames on the surface. Instead, the structure treated with the organo-mineral protective coating did not burn after combustion of the model hearth, respectively, and did not break down. The swelling of the protective coating was recorded, and the temperature on the reverse floor was less than 140ºC. As a result, it was ascertained that the effectiveness of the shredded image of the tree’s construction was 4.4 times higher for the protected organic and mineral coatings 3.3 times higher - for the clear protection of non-organic ones. It’s necessary to assimilate a coke ball on the surface of the construction, which will add to the temperature and the temperature glyphine, with which the hour of reaching the boundary temperature will be improved.
Improving the energy efficiency of translucent structures with using of special purpose glasses
(Харків: ХНУБА, 2020-05) Pushkarova, Katerina; Kochevykh, Maryna; Honchar, Olha
Ensuring the energy efficiency of translucent glass structures, including windows, balcony doors, storefronts used in buildings and structures, provides for minimal total energy costs not only for heating, but also for the conditioning and lighting of the premises. Modern translucent structures are represented mainly by doubleglazed windows, in the application of which heat losses are reduced due to the improvement of the window design and the use of new materials. Double-glazed windows should allow the maximum amount of light to be transmitted and at the same time minimally affect energy consumption for heating or cooling the room. The use of special-purpose glass allows to obtain a modern double-glazed window with different functional characteristics.
Increase of fire resistance of coating wood with adding mineral fillers
(Transbud-2018, 2018) Tsapko, Y.; Kyrycyok, V.; Tsapko, A.; Bondarenko, O.; Guzii, S.
The article covers all the stages of the process of fire protection: as the separation of gases, heat transfer, the swelling of the coating, which is formed during by the action of fire. To determine the fire protection efficiency in the coatings developed, studies have been carried out on determining the combustibility of wood in terms of mass loss and increase in the temperature of flue gases, and it has been established that mass loss of coated wood does not exceed 3% and the temperature does not exceed 160°C. The results of the determination of the protection efficiency for the system have shown that under the influence of the hightemperature flame of burning of the material and the loss of the mass of the coating is reduced due to the formation of high-temperature compounds, while the time to reach the limiting temperature increases. Studies on determining the quality of fire protection wood treatment by coating showed that the rate of cooking for a rough sample of wood was more than 2 mm/min, for fire-proof samples - did not exceed 0.5 mm/min, which makes it possible to conclude that it is advisable to use them.
Innovative building materials in creation an architectural environment
(ХНУБА, 2020-05) Abyzov, Vadim; Pushkarova, Katerina; Kochevykh, Maryna; Honchar, Olha; Bazeliuk, Natalia
Progressive building materials and technologies can ensure not only the durability of buildings and structures that are operated in difficult conditions and the consumption of a minimum amount of energy with little impact on the environment, but also will contribute to the creation of an effective and harmonious architectural environment in accordance with the requirements of sustainable development. An important role in solving these problems is assigned to recycled (reusable materials); traditional natural and local building materials that due to technical progress have gained new prospects for use in modern environmental and energy-efficient structures and buildings (“old-new” natural materials); nanomaterials and nanotechnologies, the use of which will not only improve the quality and properties of materials, and, accordingly, the environment, but also create completely new materials and architectural solutions with a set of properties. The purpose of this study is generalization, systematization and examination of these innovative materials and products.
Modeling of thermal conductivity of reed products
(2020) Tsapko, Yu.; Tsapko, A.; Bondarenkо, O.
The present work researches processes of heat transfer by samples of mats manufactured from reed. Due to the unique properties of the reed, such as medium density, low thermal conductivity, relatively high weather resistance, high chemical resistance, possibility to produce parts on-site, cost-effectiveness and others, reed products are widely used in building construction despite the high rate of development of new technologies. The mechanisms of heat insulation in the result of energy transfer through the material are established, which makes it possible to influence this process. It is proven, that the mechanisms are conditioned upon the increased porosity of the material. Thus, decreasing volume weight results in decreasing thermal conductivity, and vice versa. The simulation of the heat transfer process with the flameproof coating is carried out, the dependencies of the thermophysical coefficients on the temperature are determined. Based on the obtained dependencies, the coefficient of thermal conductivity for the products made of dry pine wood is calculated and makes 0.056 W / (m · K). Features of slowing down the process of heat transfer to material made of wood wool and glue binding agent with the formation of pores were studied. This is explained by the fact that there is no movement of air in large pores, accompanied by heat transfer. Thus, there are grounds to argue for the possibility of directed regulation of the processes of the formation of thermal insulation products using the reeds characterized by voids in the stems.
Modeling the process of moisture diffusion by a flameretardant coating for wood
(Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies, 2020) Tsapko, Yu.; Tsapko, A.; Bondarenko, O.
At present, among the most common building materials is wood, which, in terms of its flammability group, belongs to the group of combustible materials of medium flammability. To reduce these deficiencies, fire-retardant treatment provides wood with the capability to withstand the effects of flame and its propagation. One of the ways to protect wood from fire is to apply a fireproof coating on its surface, which for some time prevents heat from accessing the wood.
Optimization of the composition of hydrophobized cellular concrete according to its moisture-transporting and water-holding characteristics
(IOP Publishing, 2020) Лаповська, С. Д.; Клапченко, В. І.; Краснянський, Г. Ю.; Гасан, Ю. Г.; Кузнецова, Ірина Олександрівна
The article is devoted to the study of the possibility of obtaining information about frost resistance and strength of concrete based on the analysis of its moisture-transporting and equilibrium water-holding properties. The dependences of the moisture diffusion coefficient, equilibrium moisture content at various values of relative humidity and porosity of autoclaved cellular concrete specimens on the concentration of water-repellent additive were studied. A comparison of the results of these measurements with the data on frost resistance, got by the direct method according to the current standards, have been made. It is shown, that moisturetransporting and water-holding characteristics can be used to assign concrete compositions optimal in frost resistance and strength. The mechanisms of the influence of water repellent on the frost resistance at its various concentrations are considered. It has been established that the composition of cellular concrete containing 2% water-repellent additive is optimal.
Radiation protective properties of fine-grained concretes and their radiation resistance
(Харків: ХНУБА, 2020-05) Anopko, Dmitro; Honchar, Olha; Kochevykh, Maryna; Kushnierova, Lilia
Many years of world experience in the selection of materials for radiation protection shows that concrete is the main material. It can combine heavy components to protect against gamma radiation and light components to absorb neutron fluxes. This fact, as well as manufacturability, low price and the possibility of using local materials, have determined the widespread use of concrete for protection against radioactive radiation.
Radiation protective properties of fine-grained concretes and their radiation resistance
(IOP Science, 2020-09-10) Anopko, Dmytro; Honchar, Olga; Kochevykh, Maryna; Kushnierova, Liliy
Studies have shown that the thickness of the half layer of the gamma radiation flux attenuation with E = 662 keV is 3,5-5,2 cm (depending on the concrete density average) and for a neutron flux with E = 2,5 MeV is 5-6 cm. The radiation resistance of concrete under the influence of gamma radiation large doses, their activity and radionuclide composition after irradiation with neutrons was investigated. To study the behaviour of concrete under the influence of gamma radiation, two series of samples were made. One series was the control, and the second was exposed to gamma radiation. Its value corresponds to the dose that concrete can receive when it comes into contact with highly radioactive wastes from the “Shelter” facility for 300 years.
Research of Mechanism of Fire Protection With Wood Lacquer
(2020) Tsapko, Yuriy; Lomaha, Vasyl; Bondarenko, Olga; Sukhanevych, Maryna
The effect of the composition on the weight loss of wood protected by a coating based on inorganic and organic substances in the process of thermal exposure, which is a feature of the study of the flame retardant effectiveness of the composition, is investigated. The solution of this problem is carried out by specially developed methods. The influence of fire protection under the influence of high-temperature heat flux on the change in the process of loss of mass of fire-protected wood is determined and the mechanism of kinetics of action of the composition is characterized, which is characterized by a decrease in the speed of flame propagation and mass loss. The results of thermogravimetric studies determined the weight loss of the coatings as a function of temperature, the results of which investigated the activation energy at the temperature decomposition of the coatings and found that for wood it was 36.56 kJ / mol, and in the case of fire protection it increased 2.3 times. which makes it possible to conclude that it is advisable to use lacquer varnish to improve the fire retardant efficiency of wood. Thus, for the specimen of fire-retardant lacquer wood, there is a gradual decrease in temperature, ie, the work of the coating is fixed, and, accordingly, the activation energy is increased during the decomposition of the wood. In order to establish the flame retardant efficiency in the application of high-temperature blowing lacquer, studies were conducted to determine the combustibility index of wood by mass loss, flame spread and temperature increase of flue gases and found that when processing wood goes to the group of combustible materials with a burning index.
Research of the efficiency of the fire fighting roof composition for cane
(2019) Tsapko, Y.; Bondarenko, O.; Tsapko, А.
Results of experimental researches about affectivity of firebiopotection products made from cane. Due to the unique properties of the cane, such as small volume weight, low thermal conductivity, rather high atmospheric resistance, high chemical resistance, the possibility of manufacturing parts at the site, efficiency, etc., cane products, despite the high pace of new technologies, are widely used in construction. Using cane in construction has a significant number of advantages, but needs protection from fire, from it produce a variety of products, equip the buildings. The unresolved issue of fire protection of products from such materials reduces the possibility of their use in construction. The experimental research on the determination of the firesafety properties of the cane set the ignition of the raw sample, while for fire-proof - the process of ignition and propagation of the flame did not occur. Especially inhibition of the process of ignition and propagation of cane fire treated with a covering impregnation solution, which consist of fire retardants under the influence of temperature with the absorption of heat and the release of noncombustible gases (nitrogen, carbon dioxide), change in the direction of the expansion in the direction of formation of non-combustible gases and heavy-duty coke residue, reducing the combustion of the material and, accordingly, the index of flammability. This indicates the possibility of directed control of the processes of transfer of high temperature to organic material by using special covering compositions for cane products. Introduction
Research of the process of spread of fire on beams of wood of fire-protected intumescent coatings
(2019) Tsapko, Yu.; Tsapko, А.; Bondarenko, O.; Sukhanevych, M.; Kobryn, M.
The article presents the results of the protection of wooden building structures with intumescent coatings for the resistance to high-temperature flame resistance. The essence of the method of determining the effectiveness of the coating was the impact of standardized flames on fireproof wood and the definition of values. Based on the data obtained, criteria were established that correspond to the degree of damage to the specimens and the increase in the combustion temperature, resulting in a decrease in weight loss. To determine the effectiveness of fire protection in the developed coatings studies on the combustibility of wood in terms of weight loss and flue gas temperature were conducted, and it was found that with coating the degree of damage to the samples in length does not exceed 26%, the degree of damage by mass does not exceed 2% and the flue gas temperature does not exceed 115°C. However, a protective layer that is of considerable thickness to the building structure should be applied to ensure its protection, since, at a higher intensity of thermal action, the fire resistance of the wood may decrease due to the formation of a low coke layer. Full-scale tests using model specimens of wooden beams under the action of a high-temperature flame furnace have shown that the intumescent coating can withstand high temperatures, effectively preventing the penetration of heat into the material due to the formation of a swollen coke layer, which affects the speed and depth of the temperature.