Наукові статті
Постійне посилання на фондhttps://repositary.knuba.edu.ua/handle/987654321/30
Переглянути
4 результатів
Результат пошуку
Документ Оrganizational support of state management of water resources according to the basin principle(ДКС-центр, 2022-12-06) Zhukova, О.; Berezniy, МWater resources are an integral part of nature management, which in terms of market relations is considered a commodity. Uneven territorial distribution of water resources and significant anthropogenic pressure lead to acute water shortages. At present, Ukraine's water management has a significant number of problems, including: deepening the trend of irrational water use; unsatisfactory water quality in natural water bodies; significant increase in material damage from the negative impact due to floods, flooding of groundwater, waterlogging, secondary salinization of land, water erosion, reduced investment in water management. The realities of water use, especially in the field of water resources management, have led to the need to improve existing scientific approaches that will allow more efficient allocation of resources and will be based on the principles of sustainable development. For a long time there was a notion of unlimited water resources and, accordingly, of free access to them. However, with the development of the country's productive forces and especially water-intensive enterprises, pollution of water sources, disputes between water users over the use of water resources, and, finally, water scarcity in some large river basins, society's costs of increasing water resources and bringing them to quality standards have risen sharply. It has become clear that water is a limited and rather expensive resource for society. The main essence, features and main advantages of the basin principle of water resources management are considered in the work; the functions, types and features of the water resources management system based on the basin principle were studied and researched, the structure was analyzed, the main problems of implementation were identified and measures for the effective operation of the water resources management system were proposed. It is noted that the development of the basin system of water resources management in Ukraine should be carried out with maximum use and significant expansion of the functions provided by the water sector of the State Water Management. This approach makes it possible to predict the consequences of human activities, for early prevention of environmental and man-made disasters.Документ Sustainable development and harmonization of the architectural environment of cities(E3S Web of Conferences 166, 09001 (2020), 2020-04-22) Shebek, Nadiia; Timokhin, Viktor; Tretiak, Yuliia; Kolmakov, Ievgenii; Olkhovets, OleksandrThe article emphasized the necessity of preserving spiritual values in the process of sustainable development of cities and urban communities. The article considered harmonization of the architectural environment as the ultimate goal and the defining condition for sustainable development of settlements. Basing on the principles of urban synergetics proposed to use internal reserves as well as the selforganization potential of the population and urban planning effectively redistributes resources and reserves. The article deals with the main provisions of the architectural environment harmonization theory with the consideration of different ideas of harmony, the importance of achieving correspondence between a person’s world-view and his surroundings, the expediency of taking into account interpersonal interactions between members of society. The strategic directions of penitentiary environment improvement at all organizational levels outlined. It proposed to form multi-level public spaces for recreation and communication of residents in the centers of historical cities where there is not enough free space. The ways to use recycled materials products for the buildings and structures construction, urban areas improvement, equipment manufacturing were been outlined.Документ Innovative building materials in creation an architectural environment(ХНУБА, 2020-05) Abyzov, Vadim; Pushkarova, Katerina; Kochevykh, Maryna; Honchar, Olha; Bazeliuk, NataliaProgressive building materials and technologies can ensure not only the durability of buildings and structures that are operated in difficult conditions and the consumption of a minimum amount of energy with little impact on the environment, but also will contribute to the creation of an effective and harmonious architectural environment in accordance with the requirements of sustainable development. An important role in solving these problems is assigned to recycled (reusable materials); traditional natural and local building materials that due to technical progress have gained new prospects for use in modern environmental and energy-efficient structures and buildings (“old-new” natural materials); nanomaterials and nanotechnologies, the use of which will not only improve the quality and properties of materials, and, accordingly, the environment, but also create completely new materials and architectural solutions with a set of properties. The purpose of this study is generalization, systematization and examination of these innovative materials and products.Документ Estimation of water ecosistem structural-functional changes as a result of climate change(Дніпровський державний агро-економічний університет, видавництво ТОВ "ДКС центр", 2018) Vasilenko, Alexey; Vasilenko, Lesya; Fedorenko, Stanislav; Zhukova, Olena; Honcharenko, ArtemClimate is one of the main natural resources that effect the changes of the rivers water regime. Drastic global warming of climate over the last 150 years is the result of anthropogenic intensification of global atmosphere greenhouse effect which is caused mainly by carbon dioxide burst. Special attention to the issue of global climate change was given on the Second World Climate Conference in Geneva (November, 1990) and on the 21st International Water Services Congress that was held in Madrid (September, 1997). It is prognosticated that water temperature rise and longer period of low flow will worsen the state of surface water systems which will lead to water "bloom". More intensive rainfalls will cause the increase of suspended matters content in surface waters as a consequence of soils erosion, and may create overloads for the permit systems, water treatment and wastewaters treatment stations. Frequent periods of low flow will lead to the decrease of contaminants dilution ability and, hence, to the increase of their concentrations. In the places with general flow lowering of water quality will be deteriorated significantly. This article covers ecological characteristic of Polesye rivers hydroecosystems state (on the example of Teteriv and Ros rivers) in the condition of constant anthropogenic load and global changes of climate parameters. The research was conducted with a glance of spatial and time factor involving existing modern methods of control by indices and their parameters of water ecosystems development. It gave the opportunity to determine cause-and-effect relations in "hydroecosystems — natural-anthropogenic water ecosystems — social-economic systems" system and confirm changes regularities of qualitative and quantitative characteristics of water quality with maximum anthropogenic load and changes of climatic characteristics (air temperature, amount of precipitations). Introduced methods of water ecosystems ecological condition control allows reliable reasons defining of hydroecosystems degradation changes. Клімат є одним з головних природних ресурсів, від якого залежать зміни водного режиму річок. Стрімке глобальне потепління клімату за останні 150 років є результатом антропогенного підсилення глобального атмосферного парникового ефекту, спричиненого, головним чином, викидами вуглекислого газу. Особливу увагу проблемі зміни клімату було приділено на Другій Всесвітній кліматологічній конференції (в листопаді 1990 року) в Женеві та на 21-му Міжнародному конгресі по водопостачанню в Мадриді (в вересні 1997 року). Прогнозується, що підвищення температури води та більш тривалий період низького стоку погіршать стан поверхневих водних систем, що буде сприяти "цвітінню" води. Більш інтенсивні дощові опади приведуть до підвищення вмісту завислих речовин у поверхневих водоймах внаслідок ерозії грунті та можуть створювати перегруженості для пропускних систем, станцій обробки води та очистки стічних вод. Часті періоди низького стоку приведуть до зниження здатності до розбавлення забруднюючих речовин і таким чином підвищення їх концентрацій. У районах із загальним зниженням стоку якість води значно погіршиться. У статті наведено екологічну характеристику стану гідроекосистем річок Полісся (на прикладі р. Тетерів та р. Рось) в умовах постійного антропогенного навантаження та глобальних змін кліматичних параметрів. Дослідження проводились з врахуванням просторово-часового фактору з використанням існуючих сучасних методів контролю за показниками та їх параметрами розвитку водних екосистем. Це дозволило визначити причинно-наслідкові зв'язки в системі "гідроекосистеми — природно-антропогенні водні екосистеми — соціально-економічні системи" та підтвердити залежності зміни якісних та кількісних характеристик якості води з максимальною антропогенним навантаженням та змінами кліматичних характеристик (температура повітря, кількість опадів). Представлені методи контролю екологічного стану водних екосистем дозволять достовірно визначити причини деградаційних змін гідроекосистем.