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  • Документ
    Assessment of spent batteries streams in Ukraine
    (КНУБА, 2021) Ishchenko Vitalii
    The goal of this study is the analysis of quantitative parameters and dynamics of spent batteries generation in Ukraine and mass balance assessment of their streams. The assessment used statistical data from international trade organizations and the State Statistics Service of Ukraine on the number of produced, imported, exported batteries, and spent batteries generated. Analysis of statistics on spent batteries generation in the world shows a significant difference in quantity, which is due to different ways of spent batteries management and approaches to counting. The estimated mass of batteries sold in Ukraine is about 20 thousand tons per year. The weight of household batteries (excluding car batteries) is estimated as 4.5-7 thousand tons per year (110-170 grams per year per person) and corresponds to the data of some EU countries. Among household batteries, alkaline and lithiumion batteries are the most common. Study of batteries quantity in the waste has shown a significant data divergence between the expected mass of batteries in the waste and official statistics. This is probably due to the low efficiency of the waste accounting system. In recent years, there is a trend of reducing the mass of batteries placed on the market and reducing their share in the waste (but such trends are not a case for household batteries). According to unofficial data, the weight of the collected spent household batteries is 2-3 tons per year or 0,05-0,08 grams per year per 1 person. The level of spent batteries collection (including car batteries) is estimated at 19%, and household batteries – only 0.1% that is much lower than in the EU countries. About 75–80% of spent batteries (99% of spent household batteries) are not accounted in waste streams. Besides, batteries in the waste of electrical and electronic equipment remain unaccounted. The scientific novelty of the study is the development of mass balance of spent batteries in Ukraine, which will ensure more efficient management of their flows. The practical value of the paper includes assessment of spent batteries volume in Ukraine for further analysis of the possibilities of their recycling.
  • Документ
    Проблема містобудівного розвитку системи санітарного очищення великого міста
    (КНУБА, 2020) Золотар, Людмила Вячеславівна; Zolotar Liudmyla
    Проблемою антропогенного впливу на навколишнє середовище та якістю санітарного очищення міста цікавляться в господарських, екологічних, санітарно-епідеміологічних та економічних напрямках, але багато методологічних питань залишаються не розглянутими з містобудівної сторони. Науково-обґрунтоване рішення розміщення первинних пунктів збору побутових відходів на житлових територіях міста та методологія системного підходу до організації санітарного очищення міста являється початковими питаннями в вирішенні проблеми поводження з побутовими відходами. The economic, ecological, sanitary, and epidemiologic direction of problem of anthropogenous impact on environment and quality of waste management of the city are interested. The methodological questions of urban development of waste management are researched is not much well. The scientific substantiation of methodological system of waste management and distribution of waste collection points are the first solution of the problem in waste management. The organization of the system of sanitary cleaning of residential areas is based on the principles of a systematic approach: the principle of integrity means that the system of sanitary purification has clearly expressed spatial-planning and technological-organizational boundaries; the principle of hierarchical structure involves consideration of urban and technological organization of the system of sanitary purification in the fullness of its elements, essential connections between them. The basis of the method is the satisfying of urban planning principles, requirements and conditions of the territory when choosing a method of collecting sanitary cleaning. The decision on technological or organizational-technological way of collecting household waste is made at the third or second technological level and is based on urban planning requirements, analysis of the territory, and is made according to a number of restrictions that characterize the territory. The main urban planning restrictions when choosing a method of collection: territorial restriction, population density of the block, the perimeter of the territory of the block, the area of the territory within the streets, the area of influence of the waste transfer station.
  • Документ
    Фактори, що визначають вимоги організації та розміщення первинних пунктів збору для житлової території міста
    (КНУБА, 2014) Золотар, Л. В.
    Виділення та обґрунтування факторів, що впливають на санітарну очистку, як необхідний етап для подальшого визначення вимог щодо організації санітарної очистки на житлових територіях.
  • Документ
    Принципові схеми, структурне представлення та класифікація елементів санітарного очищення житлових територій
    (КНУБА, 2014) Золотар, Л. В.
    Обґрунтувані процеси санітарного очищення житлових територій, структурне представлення та класифікація елементів первинних процесів збору та транспортування твердих побутових відходів. Виділення принципових схем організації санітарного очищення житлових територій.
  • Документ
    The eia gap analysis for the project of dredging works at the Southern Bug river
    (ІТГІП, 2018) Radomska, Margarita M.; Ryabchevsky, Oleg V.; Vologzhanina, VeronikaV.; Kovalska, Viktoriia V.
    The transformation of the Southern Bug river ecosystem for the revival of navigation activity has been considered in the paper from the point of indirect impacts on the environment. The method of gap analysis widely used in various branches of science has been applied to determine the omitted issues of the dredging works at the river basin. The analysis has showed that despite a range of important benefits, including promotion of agricultural and constructional materials production development, reduction of on-land cargo traffic and growing incomes to the local budget, the implementation of the project will cause additional negative effects, not considered in the official process of environmental impacts assessment. The most important problems, requiring further attention and mitigation, are intensification of erosive processes, changes of air and water quality, transformation of river biocenosis and climate of the area, as well as management of extracted bottom sediments.