Екологія

Постійний URI для цього зібранняhttps://repositary.knuba.edu.ua/handle/987654321/1243

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A study of air pollution with formaldehyde along the highways in Kyiv city
(2018) Voloshkina, O.; Sipakov, R.; Zhukova, O.; Bereznitska, J.
The problem of air pollution in the cities of Ukraine was described. The methodology of calculation of hydrocarbon emission on automobile overpasses and crossroads of Kyiv was suggested. By the number of bands, the number of cars was determined. The calculation has shown that at the same time near 300 cars can be on the overpass during peak hours. The average concentration of formaldehyde according to the calculations and observation data in 2016 was presented.
Assessment and forecast for the creation of photo-chemical smog over transport overpasses in Kyiv
(2018) Sipakov, R.; Trofimovich, V.; Voloshkina, O.; Bereznitska, J.
This article deals with the analysis of existing of smog situation formation over automobile overpasses and in places of substantial congestion of transport in large cities, for example, in Kyiv. A mathematical model consisting of two blocks – dynamic and kinetic, which allows determining the formation of the thermal dome of pollution and the concentration of hydrocarbon emissions in the air, depending on the number of working engines, is proposed. The kinetic block of the model allows determining the level of formaldehyde, as an indicator of the appearance of photochemical smog in conditions of atmospheric constancy. The concentration of emissions from motor vehicles in the air is calculated over the main transport overpasses of the city of Kyiv at their full load (peak hours).
Development of Ukraine territory flooding processes; Its parameters and the influence on the environmental safety level
(2014) Voloshkina, O.; Bereznitska, J.
Shows the present state of development of flooding processes of Ukraine territory. Given filtration stages in the flooding the process of and methods of their calculation. The method of filtration resistance for calculating of the filtering in flooding process is analyzed. Shows the dependence between the development of flooding process and intensifying processes of landslides on Ukraine territory.
Environmental safety of a territory due to the dangerous processes of flooding
(2017) Bereznitska, J.; Voloshkina, O.
They determined the way the dangerous factors caused by the processes of flooding influence on environment and living conditions, they are the following: they estimated water resources quality, violation of water balance conditions on the flooded territories (the loss of drainage capacity of rivers and underground drainage formation), the process of activation of dangerous exogenous processes, they also theoretically grounded the necessity of correction of calculation method of filtration flow with the use of filtration resistance. On the basis of these researches they gave recommendations according the usage of widespread methods of filtration resistance for difficult geological conditions of water-bearing layer and stationary filtration flow near the facilities of engineering protection from flood. Mathematical model of forecasting of ground water level changes in aquifer with the level fluctuations in water receiver on conditions of three-ply water-bearing layer allows to make a reliable assessment and the forecast on flood level of a sloping hill which, in turn, allows to make promptly a managerial nature-green decision on provision of a territory with the necessary level of environmental safety. The method of estimation of individual risk on the built-over flooded territories by taking into account the slopping hills was improved.
Pollution of atmospheric air above the city highways
(2018) Voloshkina, О.; Sipakov, R.; Varavin, D.; Anpilova, Y.; Kryvomaz, T.; Bereznitska, J.
The study is devoted to the estimation of pollution deposit caused by vehicles into the city total greenhouse gases emissions and to the forecast of the secondary air pollution with formaldehyde. The present study contains mathematic model which allows getting the estimation of vehicles emission in the total amount of polluted atmospheric air. The model consists of two interconnected parts: a dynamic and a kinetic one. The first part of the model is based on the Theory of Convective Jet and Thermals in the Atmosphere and allows to get the parameters of the contaminated air which is being formed over the highway. The Dynamic part of the model allows to get the total amount of hydrocarbons emission depending on the number of vehicles which is present at the same time on the highway. We also obtain the data on concentration of pollution and temperature increasing in the narrowest section of the thermal jet. The kinetic part of the model allows to determine the concentration of the secondary atmospheric air contamination with formaldehyde as a result of photochemical transformation of hydrocarbons which are the part of emission of internal combustion engine. The speed of the transformation reaction was determined by the Can't Hoff-Arrhenius deferential equation. The given mathematical model was tested with the help of the system of regular observation over the polluted atmospheric air in Kyiv city. The comparison of the estimated value of formaldehyde concentration and the observation data doesn't exceed 5 % above the maximum values. According to average monthly rates there is a false positive error (to + 20 % in the warmest months). Basing on the given model the calculator of concentration of pollution by vehicles was developed. This calculator allows to obtain rapidly the values of formaldehyde concentration, depending on air temperature, solar radiation and number of vehicles on the highway. The amount of hydrocarbon emission from the vehicles, according the suggested model, allows to estimate the deposit of vehicles into the total amount of greenhouse gases of the city. The obtained results could be useful in forming of ecological policy of the cities and in managerial decision making.