Екологія

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A study of air pollution with formaldehyde along the highways in Kyiv city
(2018) Voloshkina, O.; Sipakov, R.; Zhukova, O.; Bereznitska, J.
The problem of air pollution in the cities of Ukraine was described. The methodology of calculation of hydrocarbon emission on automobile overpasses and crossroads of Kyiv was suggested. By the number of bands, the number of cars was determined. The calculation has shown that at the same time near 300 cars can be on the overpass during peak hours. The average concentration of formaldehyde according to the calculations and observation data in 2016 was presented.
About some features of forecasting masstransport processes in saturated - unsaturated media
(2018) Telyma, S.; Voloshkina, O.
The general methodic of forecasting the flow and moisture-salt transfer processes in saturated-unsaturated media on the base of the methods of mathematic modeling for case of the arbitrary vertical domains is proposed.The practical example of the solution the migration problem of pollutions at filtration from the irrigated channel to reservoir is demonstrated.
Adaptation of IUCN Classification Schemes for Environmental safety passports of species
(2016) Kryvomaz, Tetyana
This study aimed to improve the ways of risk assessment for environmental safety. The implementation of “Environmental safety passports of species” is of practical importance for effective risk assessment of individual species impact to the environment, humans and other living organisms. The classification schemes of International Union for Conservation of Nature for evaluating habitats, threats & stresses, use and trade, livelihoods of species were analyzed and adapted to the requirements of environmental safety. Some sections such as general information about species, their distribution, ecological classification, metabolism features, risks evaluation and beneficial use were itemized to be included into the structure of ESPS.
An annotated checklist of myxomycetes from the Seychelles Islands, Indian Ocean
(Finnish Mycological Society, 2020) Kryvomaz, Tetiana; Michaud, Alain; Stephenson, Steven L.; L.
The checklist provided herein contains 143 species and infra-specific taxa of myxomycetes representing six orders, 12 families and 29 genera known from the Seychelles Islands. These records are the result of 878 field collections and 468 samples processed with the use of the moist chamber techinque. The overall study involved expeditions to the granitic group of islands Mahé, Praslin, La Digue, Curieuse, Félicité, and data from the literature for the coral Aldabra atoll. The taxonomic structure of the myxomycete biota for the islands studied indicates a predominance of members of the order Physarales (74 taxa). The main genera are Physarum (38 species and two varieties), Didymium (17 species), Cribraria (11 species), Arcyria (eight species) and Stemonitis (six species and two varieties). For all six islands only a single species of myxomycete (Physarum crateriforme) was shared in common. For the total assemblage of species recorded from all of the islands, 4% species were abundant, 12% species were common, 29% were found occasionally, 42% were rare, and 13% species had only a single record. The most abundant species were Arcyria cinerea, A. denudata, Diderma effusum, Hemitrichia calyculata, Physarum compressum, and P. melleum. Based on data from 50 different localities with 90 collecting plots, 32% of all specimens were associated with coastal vegetation, 30% with lowland localities, 19% with intermediate forests, 9% with riverine forests, 8% with mountain forests, and only 2% with mangrove swamps. In general, this annotated checklist clearly shows that isolated tropical islands can support a diverse assemblage of myxomycetes.
Anthropogenic changes in water ecosystem on the example оf the river Tisza
(КНУБА, 2018) Vasylenko, Lesya; Zhukova, Olena; Klimova, Irina; Gontscharenko, Artem
While conducting the ecological estimation of the hydro ecosystems (HE) condition of Tisza water basin, engineering ecological indices and their parameters are used. The system-basin research approach of the water basin based on systematization and data processing of the ecological monitoring for a long-term period is used. Such period allowed to set scientific regularities of naturally-anthropogenic hydro ecosystems development in the conditions of constant anthropogenic load on them.
Applying of green building standards for implementation of the city development strategies in Kyiv
(2019) Kryvomaz, Tetyana; Varavin, Dmytro
The main tasks of the "Kyiv City Development Strategy until 2025" are in development and reconstruction of the city, improvement of its infrastructure and environmental protection, which perfectly correlates with the basic principles of green building. This is the modern practice in construction, reconstruction and the exploitation of buildings, in which they implement optimal architectural solutions, advanced engineering systems and materials for reducing of energy consumption and material resources, it is the process of improving the quality of buildings and the comfort of their internal environment, improving of impact of buildings on the health of people by minimizing the negative impact on the environment at all stages of life cycle of building structures. The practice of the tasks outlined in the Strategy will significantly contribute to the implementation of international environmental standards and to the application of constructive solutions of green building technologies. In particular it appeals to such urban development sectors as city development and land relations, housing and communal services, transport and urban mobility, environmental policy and environmental protection, public space, security and civil protection, historical and architectural heritage.
Arcyria denudata
(CABI, 2012) Krivomaz, Т. І.; Michaud, A.; Minter, D. W.
Diagnostic features. Bright red or reddish brown, upright sporangia, each with a funnel-shaped calyculus with a non-dehiscent capillitium firmly attached to calyculus even after expansion. Brown weathered sporocarps may be confused with A. affinis Rostaf., but in that species the stalk is slightly eccentric, and the capillitium detaches from the calyculus after expanding.
Arcyria minuta
(CABI, 2012) Krivomaz, Т. І.; Michaud, A.; Minter, D. W.
Diagnostic features. Flat-topped, pink sporangia, each with a fixed capillitium, and capillitium thread marking more or less limited to cogs. Poorly developed sporocarps, or those with a non-expanded capillitium resemble A. cinerea (Bull.) Pers., but in A. cinerea sporangium colour is grey, and capillitium markings are densely spinulose. Sporangium colour in A. minuta is similar to that of A. pomiphomis (Leers) Rostaf., but A. minuta has larger sporocarps and cylindrical rather than subglobose sporangia.
Arcyria stipata
(CABI, 2012) Krivomaz, Т. І.; Michaud, A.; Minter, D. W.
Diagnostic features. The almost pseudoaethalial habit, persistent peridium and copper colour make this species distinctive.
Assessment and forecast for the creation of photo-chemical smog over transport overpasses in Kyiv
(2018) Sipakov, R.; Trofimovich, V.; Voloshkina, O.; Bereznitska, J.
This article deals with the analysis of existing of smog situation formation over automobile overpasses and in places of substantial congestion of transport in large cities, for example, in Kyiv. A mathematical model consisting of two blocks – dynamic and kinetic, which allows determining the formation of the thermal dome of pollution and the concentration of hydrocarbon emissions in the air, depending on the number of working engines, is proposed. The kinetic block of the model allows determining the level of formaldehyde, as an indicator of the appearance of photochemical smog in conditions of atmospheric constancy. The concentration of emissions from motor vehicles in the air is calculated over the main transport overpasses of the city of Kyiv at their full load (peak hours).
Assessment of mangrove environmental safety by analyzes of metals transition
(2016) Kryvomaz, Tetyana; Andrusishina, Iryna
The study of metals transition in mangrove biome by analyzes of element concentration in plant, myxomycetes and soil for preliminary assessment of environmental safety. Methodology. Samples of soil, leaves litter, steam of living palm and myxomycetes fruiting body from Seychelles mangrove biome on Praslin island were analyzed by method of inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy. Results. The scheme of 11 elements (Al, Ca, Cd, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Si, Zn) accumulation demonstrates that heavy metals concentration increases in the direction from substrates to myxomycetes, and it decline from the forest floor to the trees. The ability myxomycetes Hemitrichia serpula accumulate Ca (Km-s = 443,69) and Zn (247,41) from environment was discover; Ni (60), Mn (16,04) and Pb (11,94) also show high level elements concentration in compere with their content in soil. The research finds big transformation ratio soil elements to mobile forms of soil for Fe (253,81) and Cu (105,45). Originality. For the first time the elements concentration in plant, myxomycetes and soil in mangrove were analyzed from ecological safety point of view. Practical value. Myxomycetes have undiscovered potential for bioindications and bioremediation of heavy metal and environmental management. References 10, no tables, figures 5.
Biological deterioration of wooden structures of the Bialystok open-air museum
(2017) Perebynos, Alona; Kryvomaz, Tetyana
The preliminary survey of the biodeterioration in the Bialystok open-air museum (Poland) shows that wooden buildings are in good condition and 92% of historical and architectural constructions were estimated to the second category of technical state. Buildings were examined to identify kinds of biological agents. The main biodeteriorations of wooden constructions were made by insects, lichens, algae films and colonies of microfungi. The comparison of the biodeterioration impact was made for the Bialystok open air museum and the skansen "Pyrogovo" (Ukraine). The probability of germination on the wooden structures of some species of fungi has been calculated taking into account the temperature conditions of the north-eastern region of Poland.
Calomyxa metallica
(CABI, 2012) Krivomaz, Т. І.; Michaud, A.; Minter, D. W.
Diagnostic features. The pinkish olive spore mass, iridescent peridium and coiled, simple threads sculptured with abundant, faint warts or spinules make this an easy species to identify. The superficially similar Prototricha metallica (Berk.) Massee has capillitial threads marked with spiral bands.
Chaga (Inonotus obliquus), a Future Potential Medicinal Fungus in Oncology? A Chemical Study and a Comparison of the Cytotoxicity Against Human Lung Adenocarcinoma Cells (A549) and Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells (BEAS-2B)
(2018) Géry, A.; Dubreule, C.; André, V.; Rioult, J.-P.; Bouchart, V.; Heutte, N.; Eldin de Pécoulas, P.; Krivomaz, T.; Garon, D.
Background: Inonotus obliquus, also known as Chaga, is a parasitic fungus growing on birches and used in traditional medicine (especially by Khanty people) to treat various health problems. In this study, we aimed to quantify the 3 metabolites frequently cited in literature, that is, betulin, betulinic acid, and inotodiol in the Chaga recently discovered in forests located in Normandy (France), and to compare their concentrations with Ukrainian and Canadian Chaga. This study also explores the cytotoxicity of the French Chaga against cancer-derived cells and transformed cells. Methods: A quantification method by HPLC-MS-MS (high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry) of betulin, betulinic acid, and inotodiol was developed to study the French Chaga and compare the concentration of these metabolites with extracts provided from Chaga growing in Canada and Ukraine. This method was also used to identify and quantify those 3 compounds in other traditional preparations of Chaga (aqueous extract, infusion, and decoction). Among these preparations, the aqueous extract that contains betulin, betulinic acid, and inotodiol was chosen to evaluate and compare its cytotoxic activity toward human lung adenocarcinoma cells (A549 line) and human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B line). Results: French Chaga contains betulin and betulinic acid at higher levels than in other Chaga, whereas the concentration of inotodiol is greater in the Canadian Chaga. Moreover, the results highlighted a cytotoxic activity of the Chaga’s aqueous extract after 48 and 72 hours of exposure with a higher effect on cancer-derived cells A549 than on normal transformed cells BEAS-2B (P = 0.025 after 48 hours of exposure and P = 0.004 after 72 hours of exposure).
Conservation aspects of some rare species from the genus Physarum (Myxomycetes) in Ukraine
(2011) Dudka, I.O.; Kryvomaz, Т.І.; Leontyev, D. V.
Determination of the laws of thermal resistance of wood in application of fire-retardant fabric coatings
(2020) Tsapko, Yu.; Tsapko, A.; Bondarenko, O.
Given that the main material for making structures is wood, which belongs to the group of medium flammability materials, there is a need for flameproofing with modern effective means. Its essence lies in providing wood with the ability to resist flame and flame propagation on the surface. preventing free access of oxygen, which accelerates the combustion process, can eliminate the risk of fire
Determination of thermal and physical characteristics of dead pine wood thermal insulation products
(PC Technology Center, 2019) Tsapko, Yu.; Zavialov, D.; Bondarenko, O.; Marchenco, N.; Mazurchuk, S.; Horbachova, O.
Over the last decade, shrinkage of coniferous stands has grown at a threatening scale across much of Europe. Today, scientists say climate change is the most likely cause of shrinkage, leading to the spread of ipid bark beetle that quickly affects entire areas of healthy, ripening or mature stands.
Development of models of the electromagnetic environment in buildings and urbanized areas
(Технологічний центр, 2022-12-30) Levchenko, Larysa; Ausheva, Nataliia; Burdeina, Nataliia; Aznaurian, Iryna; Biruk, Yana; Kasatkina, Nataliia; Matvieieva, Iryna; Nazarenko, Vasyl; Nikolaiev, Kyrylo; Tykhenko, Oksana
A set of measures and means to control the electromagnetic situation of the environment in the territories of urban development, in buildings and individual premises has been substantiated and developed. The simulation tools show the ability to rationalize the parameters of overhead lines with voltages of 220 kV and below, which will reduce the electromagnetic load in the territories. Modeling the propagation of fields from underground high-voltage lines has established that the values of magnetic fields compared to overhead lines are lower up to 30 times. Models of propagation of electromagnetic fields of very high and ultrahigh frequency were built. Sources of electromagnetic fields of non-production origin in industrial buildings have been investigated. Uncompensated currents in power networks with nonlinear electric consumers generate magnetic fields by induction of 0.35–1.20 μT, which exceeds the maximum permissible levels of operation of computer equipment. Leakage currents on grounded metal structures generate magnetic fields with 1.52–6.75 μT. Simulation of the propagation of electric and magnetic fields of components of personal computers of controlled ranges according to the MPRII standard was carried out. Models of propagation of the magnetic field of industrial frequency around electric motors and generators with their cross sections were built. On the basis of such models, design schemes for placing equipment in production areas are selected or places of safe stay and movement of personnel are selected. The expediency of using shielding to reduce field levels to safe values due to coating surfaces with liquid protective mixtures was shown. Metal-containing composition based on water-dispersion paint makes it possible to reduce the level= of magnetic field of industrial frequency by 2.5–2.6 times, electric field by 1.6–1.7 times, electromagnetic field of industrial frequency – by 1.2–1.3 times.
Development of Ukraine territory flooding processes; Its parameters and the influence on the environmental safety level
(2014) Voloshkina, O.; Bereznitska, J.
Shows the present state of development of flooding processes of Ukraine territory. Given filtration stages in the flooding the process of and methods of their calculation. The method of filtration resistance for calculating of the filtering in flooding process is analyzed. Shows the dependence between the development of flooding process and intensifying processes of landslides on Ukraine territory.
Diacheopsis metallica
(CABI, 2010) Krivomaz, Т. І.; Michaud, A.; Minter, D. W.
Diagnostic features. The genus Diacheopsis is distinguished by small, sessile sporocarps with a shiny metallic surface. Within the genus, D. metallica is distinguished by its nivicolous habit and by spore size.