Екологія

Water resources are an integral part of nature management, which in terms of market relations is considered a commodity. Uneven territorial distribution of water resources and significant anthropogenic pressure lead to acute water shortages. At present, Ukraine's water management has a significant number of problems, including: deepening the trend of irrational water use; unsatisfactory water quality in natural water bodies; significant increase in material damage from the negative impact due to floods, flooding of groundwater, waterlogging, secondary salinization of land, water erosion, reduced investment in water management. The realities of water use, especially in the field of water resources management, have led to the need to improve existing scientific approaches that will allow more efficient allocation of resources and will be based on the principles of sustainable development. For a long time there was a notion of unlimited water resources and, accordingly, of free access to them. However, with the development of the country's productive forces and especially water-intensive enterprises, pollution of water sources, disputes between water users over the use of water resources, and, finally, water scarcity in some large river basins, society's costs of increasing water resources and bringing them to quality standards have risen sharply. It has become clear that water is a limited and rather expensive resource for society. The main essence, features and main advantages of the basin principle of water resources management are considered in the work; the functions, types and features of the water resources management system based on the basin principle were studied and researched, the structure was analyzed, the main problems of implementation were identified and measures for the effective operation of the water resources management system were proposed. It is noted that the development of the basin system of water resources management in Ukraine should be carried out with maximum use and significant expansion of the functions provided by the water sector of the State Water Management. This approach makes it possible to predict the consequences of human activities, for early prevention of environmental and man-made disasters.

На фоні зростаючого дефіциту водних ресурсів будівельна галузь споживає близько 14 % питної води. У відповідь на кризу у використанні природних ресурсів і зростаючу стурбованість населення погіршенням стану навколишнього середовища, у 1970-х роках було розроблено концепцію зеленого будівництва. Це практика будівництва та експлуатації будівель, метою якої є зниження рівня споживання енергетичних і матеріальних ресурсів протягом всього життєвого циклу будівлі.

Екологія

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