Methodology for calculating the side walls perforation in distribution drainage pipelines

Abstract

Distribution drainage pipelines play a critical role in water management systems, particularly in agricultural irrigation and land reclamation projects, horizontal and radial water intakes [1, 2]. The efficiency and reliability of these pipelines significantly depend on their structural and hydraulic parameters. Among these, the perforation of the side walls is a key design element, directly influencing water flow dynamics, filtration efficiency, and overall performance of the drainage system.