Vol. 17, No. 8
Постійний URI для цього зібранняhttps://repositary.knuba.edu.ua/handle/987654321/35
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Документ The influence of longitudinal slope of main road carriage-way on the mass emission from road transport in the atmospheric air(KNUCA, 2015) Solukha, IgorRelevance: the issue of the impact of longitudinal slope of the street, as geometrical parameter of carriage-way, on mass emission of pollutants from motor transport is raised. The tasks of research: consider the concepts of longitudinal street slopes, discharge, exhaust gas, mass emission, atmospheric air. The technique of research: the theoretical technique of analysis for determining the role of longitudinal slope of a carriage-way on the adoption of engineering and planning decision of main roads intersection is implied. The results of research: the interdependence of the mass emission of pollutants into the atmospheric air from road transport and slope of a carriageway was established. Conclusions: It was established that with increasing slope mass emission of pollutants may grow 3...15 times as many.Документ The effects of mirror reflection from flat and curved translucent structures(2015) Karpenko, ValentinaThe article gives examples of flat and curved translucent, mirror walling. There are presented variations of their formation by comparing with geometric transformations of form. Сombinatorial technique is applied.Документ The solar component in the context of the inhabited areas microclimate regulation(KNUCA, 2015) Koziatnyk, IrynaSummer overheated modern city deteriorates living conditions in it. For this purpose, the climate formation is considered in three adjacent spatial levels: macroclimate of geographical area; mesoclimate of a certain location (southern slope of the mountain, river valley, the sea coast); microclimate of two-meter surface layer (at the level of the human body). These levels of different spatial scale have similar mechanisms of climate formation. The radiation temperature and wind conditions of the area are the main causes of the overheating. The specified information proposes to research the solar radiation and the surfaces to accumulate it. The urban landscape is predominated over by the surface, which significantly accumulate heat. Hence the surface layer of air in the city receives three times more heat than in the natural environment. Thus, microclimate is formed in the streets, squares, in a housing estate and city parks under the natural and city planning factors. The found that for balancing and softening of microclimate conditions for living and of effective impact on the heat, humidity and aeration regime of the modern city, it is desirable to achieve a ratio of 1:1 between its planting and artificial surfaces.Документ Labor skeleton frame as functional and spatial system of city planning and management(KNUCA, 2015) Svoboda, DariaModels of work localization places originated in ancient towns and cities of the Renaissance period. Regularities of geometrical dependences are traced in many theories of the cities. An important criterion for the quality of the city planning structure is travel timeweighted average to the main places of work.Документ Morphogenesis and correction of planar rod constructions with a small amount of free nodes(KNUCA, 2015) Skochko, VolodymyrThis publication is devoted to practical aspects of a new method of form correction of planar rod constructions. This method should be used after the initial shape of the frame construction is already defined. At the same time, suggested method makes it possible to determine the components of the stress-strain state of the construction and has the same mathematical foundation as a method of cutting out of nodes in theoretical mechanics. Also, the article demonstrates the principle of applying the method on the example of correction of form of elementary frame construction with hinge joint of rods. An example illustrates the advantages of this method over methods of numerical simulation, because it does not require changing of instrument base during the transition from automated shaping of construction to determination of efforts in its rods.Документ Ways of comfort radius definition of accessibility for pedestrians to the first service objects(KNUCA, 2015) Golubenko, VladislavIn this article is briefly exposed one of the main problem of civil construction of nowadays − accessibility of pedestrian areas. Were investigated normative documents of Ukraine connected with this question, were defined and classified main factors, that influence on the comfort of walker's move. Were also defined factors that are influencing on the planning aspect of comfort of the movement- pedestrian accessibility. The given results of definition of the influence of such factors as type of attraction object, type of the layout of site development and dilatational slope of the track. The influence of the type of the priority service object was made with pedestrian audition. The grade of influence of the site development type was defined with misalignment coefficient, usual for several layout types of pedestrian tracks. The influence of longitude inclination is being defined through monitoring of the changes in cardiovascular system and inner body temperature during the movement with permanent speed on different slopes.as a result, was given a method of definition of the comfort of accessibility for pedestrians to the object of priority service, that can be used during the planning of new development and during the estimation of one already existing. According to achieved results, the comfort radius can be both smaller and bigger of the normative, that gives corresponding economical benefits with the usage of the method.Документ The role of land compulsory purchase in engineering and transport infrastructure development(KNUCA, 2015) Petrakovska, Olga; Mykhalova, MariiaThis paper deals the consideration of the consequences of unjustified decision making on the land development with the application of land compulsory purchase for the engineering and transport infrastructure construction. In the article are considered the approaches to determine the efficiency of land development from the standpoint of needs of population life support and industry complex as well as investment interests.Документ Principles and strategies of sustainable development of region(KNUCA, 2015) Ustinova, IrynaTo determine the principles and strategies of sustainable development the analysis of general trends in human development in ecophysical sense of this phenomenon were made. The following concepts were considered: ethnogenesis, ecosystem autoregulation, demographic and dynamics of urban development. The comparative analysis of general trends in ethnic-, eco-, demo- and urbosystem testified that based thermodynamic model, results in successive changes of phases and phase transitions. The notions of ethnic homeostasis", "stable population" and "balance in urban areas" expose the essence of the phenomenon of "ecological balance" in public and environment interaction. The considered development is an oscillatory process, where the criterion of “best” is excluded, where only the rhythm of change conditions, with more or less intensity, speed and capacity development exist. It is established that the regularity of selfregulation defines the development of urban areas as the environmental and urban systems. In this regard the development of these areas is purposeful and predictable and therefore is a manageable process with a given goal – the sustainable development in a range of ecological balance. The equilibrium is described by a ratio of 1:1 between population size and demographic capacity of the territory.Документ Theoretical studies and calculations of wastewater treatment in trickling biofilters(KNUCA, 2015) Kolpakova, OlgaOn the basis of the analysis of existing models and methods of calculation, proposed a general mathematical model of the process of removal of organic contaminants in an aerobic biological wastewater treatment in trickling biofilters with sufficient support biooxidation by oxygen. Results of comparison of theoretical calculations with experimental data obtained by different authors in trickling biofilters with different loading are presented. As the results, the theoretical calculations are in general well correlated with the experimental data.Документ The assessment of heavy metal accumulation by myxomycetes(KNUCA, 2015) Kryvomaz, TetianaThe assessment of heavy metal accumulation by myxomycetes (slime moulds) has been made. The importance of these organisms for environmental safety monitoring was specified. Ecological and physiological mechanisms of ability of myxomycetes to concentrate metals and other elements from their substrates were analyzed. For five common myxomycetes species with relatively big fruiting body were compared chemical elements concentrations. Fuligo septica (L.) Wigg. was proposed as perspective bioindicator for the detection of Zn on the grounds of the ability to accumulate this metal and by reason of this species have widespread distribution in terrestrial ecosystems. Prospects of using slime molds as objects for bioremediation of contaminated soils were considered.