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Ensuring the conditions of ecological safety of the surface water of Ukraine by calculating the values of their assimilative capacity
(КНУБА, 2019) Kulikova, Daria V.; Yurchenko, Anneta A.
The values of discharge of circulating (waste) waters of different quality categories in surface water objects by regions of Ukraine are analyzed. For maintaining the natural equilibrium of aquatic ecosystems the indicators of actual and limit necessary of the multiplicity of dilution of circulating (waste) waters of different quality categories by local river runoff are calculated and analyzed. The values of the limit assimilative capacity of surface water objects, which can accept a certain amount of circulating (waste) waters without violating their ecological stability, is determined. The characteristics of the level of assimilative capacity utilization of local river runoff resources of different degrees of water availability are calculated and given. It has been established that in the years with average water availability the level of use of the assimilative capacity of local river runoff resources of the Nikolaev, Kharkiv and Kherson regions is characterized as “moderate”, and Odessa – as “high”. In the years with a very low river water content, the level of use of the assimilative capacity of surface water bodies in Kiev, Kirovograd, Luhansk, Lviv, Sumy and Cherkasy regions is rated as “moderate”, Mykolaiv and Kharkiv – as “high”, Kherson and Odessa – as “very high”. Regardless of the level of provision with local river runoff, the index of the use of the assimilative capacity of water resources in Zaporizhia, Donetsk, and Dnipropetrovsk regions exceeds the threshold value (IAC = 1) by 10.35–99 times.
Green building BREEAM in Ukraine
(2019) Kryvomaz, Тetyana I.; Scudu, Irene; Leonard, David; Minter, David
It is recognised that world construction is responsible for substantial amounts of harmful emissions, so the need to save energy and mitigate environmental problems fostered the concept of a green building. This is structures that are sited, designed, built, renovated and operated to energy efficient guidelines, and that they will have a positive environmental, economic and social impact over their life cycle. The study begins with a review of the main stages through which this technology developed in the Great Britain. Notable successes achieved through green building in the UK are then highlighted. There is excellent potential to implement Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Method (BREEAM) in Ukraine because, although the building sector is very active, the technology in current use is not up to international environmental standards. At the same time Ukraine is actively subscribing to international conventions which reduce environmental pollution, and seeks to improve national standards in accordance with international requirements. Examples of BREEAM certified green building are already present in Ukraine, and the general economic and political situation seems ready to welcome implementation of green building throughout the country.
Ontology of tour of the virtual museum 3D panorama abstract
(2019) Honchar, Andrii V.; Popova, Maryna A.; Stryzhak, Oleksandr Ye.
The article is devoted to the systematic and ontological analysis of the research domain and the formation on its basis of information models of knowledge formalization and knowledge presentation in modern network environments of memory institutions. The ontological approach to the formation of the ontology of tour of a virtual museum 3D panorama, which provides interactive interaction and transdisciplinary perception of objects of educational and research activities, is considered.
Portable device for water purification
(2019) Kyriienko, Petro G.; Kyriienko, Valentyna V; Chumachenko, Andriy V.
The two-stage system of surface water purification in field conditions in a portable device for water purification is considered. In the first stage, water is filtered through a hair pad, and on the second it is filtered through zeolite, shungite or track membrane and disinfected internally. In a portable device, water can be cleansed from heavy metals, chemicals, pesticides, phenols, organic contaminants, nitrates, petroleum products, ammonia, viruses, pathogenic microorganisms. Portable water purification device can be used in the field by tourists, travellers, military personnel.
Situational predictive modelling of the flood hazard in the Dniester river valley near the town of Halych
(КНУБА : ІТЕГІП, 2019) Stefanyshyn, Dmytro V.; Korbutiak, Vasyl M.; Stefanyshyna-Gavryliuk, Yulija D.
There has been presented a method of situational predictive modelling of the flood hazard in the Dniester River valley near the town of Halych based of hydrological observations data obtained at the Halych water level gauge. Some features in the behaviour of the equation of relationship between levels and water discharges for the Halych water level gauge were revealed, in particularly, regularities fostering reliable forecasting the flood hazard by means of statistical data and ambiguities interfering similar predicting. The possibility of effective situational predicting of the flood hazard according to current data of hydrological observations to minimize probable harm and losses was shown.
The modeling of different scale hydrologic
(КНУБА, 2019) Voskoboinick, Volodymyr A.; Voskoboinyk, Oleksandr A.; Cherniy, Dmytro I.
The results of mathematical and physical modeling of global and local hydrological processes in the water area are presented. By the method of mathematical modeling revealed variability of large-scale circulatory flow and mass transfer in a water-restricted area with complex obstacles. In laboratory conditions, by experimental methods, in the hydrodynamic tray, on the channel and the laboratory stand, detected of local hydrodynamic processes and mass transfer around local obstacles - three-row fuel burner rafts. Mechanisms of formation of erosion and transfer of the soil near and within the single and group structures of the grillages located on the laundering sandy bottom of the channel are revealed
To the analysis of methods of calculation of stability of use and their classification
(2019) Sirenko, Anatolii P.
The problem of assessing the stability of slopes is quite relevant in the development of mineral deposits in an open way, in hydraulic engineering and transport, industrial and civil engineering, as well as in other areas of human activity. Attempts to obtain the correct method of calculation led to the emergence of a large number of methods, methods of calculation and calculation schemes: their diversity is explained by the number of assumptions used by researchers to justify the calculation scheme and stability conditions. The task of determining the parameters of a steady slope or bearing capacity of the base in most cases is statically uncertain. Therefore, for the determination of unknown reactions, the authors put forward additional conditions (assumptions). The variety of existing methods for calculating the stability of slopes caused the need to classify them by one or another feature. Based on a detailed analysis of work in this area, four groups of basic assumptions put forward by researchers for substantiation of the calculation scheme for calculating the stability of slopes, obtaining stability conditions (equilibrium) of the shift prisms, the selection of the shape and position of the weakest surface of slip in the slopes were identified. These are assumptions such as: about the condition of the boundary stress state at each point of the bias prism (the method of the boundary stress state); about the distribution of normal reactions along the surface of the slip (methods of a monolithic compartment of collapse, that is, when considering the balance of the prism of the shear completely); the ratio of tangential and normal reactions at the lateral sides of the compartments (the reaction is horizontal, inclined or marginal rejected); in relation to the shape and position (geometry) of the potential (weakest) surface of the slide. In conclusion, it was concluded that the method of the boundary stress state is most useful for preventing collapses, then studying the shape of slopes and external loading, at which a possible collapse. The method of boundary equilibrium, in turn, is desirable to use for the analysis of a strained state of landslides.
Еnvironmental hazards of the mining and chemical enterprises territory
(КНУБА, 2019) Pohrebennyk, Volodymyr D.; Dzhumelia, Elvira A.
The ecological situation in most mining regions n Ukraine is critical, and the closure of unprofitable mining enterprises, mines and cuts creates environmental problems associated with significant changes in the geological and hydrological environment. The purpose of the work is to assess the environmental hazard of the territory of the Rozdil State Mining and Chemical Enterprise "Sirka". The research was carried out on the territory of Rozdil SMCE “Sirka”. Rozdil State Mining and Chemical Enterprise “Sirka” is in the West of Ukraine (Lviv region) of the Dniester River basin. According to the State Register of Potentially Hazardous Objects (PHO) of Ukraine, Rozdil State Mining and Chemical Enterprise "Sirka" belongs to the monitoring facilities of PHO. The X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) method was used experimentally to determine the qualitative and quantitative composition of heavy metals and other inorganic elements in samples, soil pollution with heavy metals. The main threats were identified which should be considered at the stage of liquidation of the mining and chemical enterprise. The main reason for pollution of the water objects of the enterprise territory and the Dniester River is the non-performance of the project on maintenance of ecological balance, monitoring, reclamation of the territory of the land due to lack of financing for the implementation of projects. In this regard, sources of pollution (phosphogypsum, oil tars, lump sulfur, flotation tails, solid waste) constantly affect the environment and over the years the situation is still dangerous. On the example of Rozdil State Mining and Chemical Enterprise "Sirka" the main problems of the monitoring system of the territory of the mining and chemical enterprise at the stage of liquidation are demonstrated. The influence of the mining and chemical enterprise on the state of pollution of the environment: soil, water environment, and waste management status were also assessed. Also, according to the obtained data, in the man-made reservoirs of the enterprise (Lake Hlyboke, Lake Serednie, Lake Chyste, channels), which flow into the Dniester River, an excess of the MPC is seen in many hydrochemical parameters: pH, sulfates, phosphates, ammonium nitrogen, etc.
Сonceptualization of latent ecosystem services
(2019) Morozova, Tetiana V.; Lukianova, Vitalina V.; Anpilova, Yevheniia S.
The technology of waste sorting and recycling can build a profitable business, provide a return to the turnover of secondary resources, reduce the amount of landfills, and simplify the storage of garbage, which makes it possible to create a resource-efficient, competitive economy. By turning waste into raw materials and materials, recycling allows you to save on natural resources, create new jobs and thus reduce the unemployment rate in the country, and reproduce competitive production. The sector of recycling of secondary resources creates a social effect – contributes to the creation of new jobs. The recycling generates demand for low, medium and highly skilled labor.