Матеріалознавство
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Документ Обгрунтування теплоізолювальних та вогнестійких властивостей очеретяних матів(ХНУБА, 2019) Цапко, Ю. В.; Бондаренко, О. П.; Цапко, О. Ю.; Горячев, В. О.У роботі досліджено процеси передавання тепла вогнезахищеними зразками матів, виготовлених з очерету. Встановлено, що оброблення очерету вогнезахисною композицією при термічній дії знижує процес переда-вання тепла до матеріалу і зміни теплоізоляційних властивостей. Це дозволяє стверджувати наступне: основ-ним регулятором процесу є не тільки формування теплозахисного шару коксу, а і розкладанням антипіренів з виділенням негорючих газів. При цьому, як свідчать результати досліджень, суттєвий вплив на процес захисту горючого матеріалу при застосуванні вогнезахисного покриття здійснюється у напрямку реакцій у передпо-луменевій області убік утворення сажеподібних продуктів на поверхні природного горючого матеріалу. Утво-рення такої структури спученого коксу сприяє зниженню масової швидкості вигорання вогнезахищеного зра-зка мату, виготовленого з очерету, порівняно з необробленим, в 5 разів та відносить даний матеріал до тепло-ізоляційних, коефіцієнт теплопровідності яких становить 0,056 Вт/(м∙К).Документ Разработка защитных материалов на основе стекло- и шлаксодержащих портландцементных композиций(Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies, 2015) Бондаренко, О. П.; Гузий, С. Г.; Захарченко, К. Д.; Новоселенко, Є. Д.С помощью трехфакторного симплекс-центроидного метода планирования эксперимента получен оптимальный состав защитного материала, включающий 40 % ГДШ (фактор Х1), 10 % СП (фактор Х2) при В/Ц=0,3 (фактор Х3). Полученный материал характеризуется прочностью при изгибе от 6,5 до 8,1 МПа в промежутке 2–28 суток и коэффициентом стойкости от 1,38 до 2,1 после выдержки образцов в коррозионных средах на протяжении 60 суток. Разработанный материал предназначен для ремонта и защиты бетонных и железобетонных конструкций транспортного назначения в условиях агрессивной городской среды.Документ Research of conditions of removal of fire protection from building construction(2020) Tsapko, Yu.; Tsapko, A.; Bondarenkо, O.Fireproof coatings at the time of operation of the building structure is a separate and complex task, covering both the stages of the process protection from moisture, and subsequent fire protection formed during the swelling of the coating. They have been proven to create a layer of material on the surface that prevents moisture from penetrating the wood when the destruction of the coating begins. This makes it possible to determine the effect of flame retardants and the properties of the protective compositions on the process of slowing down the rate of water absorption. The process of moisture transfer by flame retardant coating in the presence of a polymeric shell is simulated, the diffusion and mass transfer dependences are obtained, and the diffusion coefficient is determined, which is 7.08·10-12 m2/s, which allow to obtain a change in the dynamics of moisture upon washing out of the flame retardant. The results of determining the weight loss of the coating sample during exposure to water indicate the ambiguous effect of the nature of the leaching agent. In particular, this implies the availability of data sufficient for qualitatively conducting the process of inhibition of moisture diffusion and detection on its basis of the moment from which the fall of the coating efficiency begins. Features of slowing down the process of moving the moisture to the material that is treated with flame retardant, are in several aspects. Namely, the use of water-insoluble flame retardants and other components, as well as polymer binder, which are characterized by the formation of polymer shell on the surface of the wood.Документ Complex multifunctional additive for anchoring grout based on alkali-activated portland cement(IOP Publishing, 2020) Krivenko, P. V.; Petropavlovskyi, O. M.; Rudenko, I. I.; Konstantynovskyi, O. P.; Kovalchuk, A. V.Complex multifunctional additive (further, CA) which consists of aluminum powder, surfactant, salt-electrolyte (NaNO3) and calcium sulfate hemihydrate (CaSO4∙0.5H2O) is proposed for ensuring necessary properties of anchoring grouts based on alkali-activated portland cement (further, AAPC) presented by the system «ordinary portland cement clinker - sodium metasilicate». Specified consistency of fresh AAPC mortar along with it strength after hardening are provided by water reducing due to application of modified polyethylene glycol characterized by stability of molecular structure in AAPC hydration medium. CA influence on shrinkage mitigation in AAPC mortar is explained both water-reducing effect and gas release with volume increasing during formation of dispersive-coagulation structure. Expansion of crystallization-condensation structure is ensured due to stress of calcium hydrosulfoaluminate 3CaO∙Al2O3∙3СаSО4∙32H2O and calcium hydronitroaluminate ЗСаО∙А12О3∙Са(NO3)2∙10Н2О which form due to presence of СаSО4∙0,5H2O and NaNO3 in CA. Time matching of gas release with structure formation insures dense microstructure due to filling of pores by hydrated phases that causes lower excess stress during crystallization. CA ensures necessary performances of AAPC anchoring grout: consistency 190 mm; workability retention time 15 min; tensile strength in bending / compressive strength 6.1 / 25.7 MPа and 12.9 / 68.5 MPa in 1 d and 28 d agreeably; adhesion 0.9 MPa; linear extension up to +0.37 mm/m.Документ Increase of fire resistance of coating wood with adding mineral fillers(Transbud-2018, 2018) Tsapko, Y.; Kyrycyok, V.; Tsapko, A.; Bondarenko, O.; Guzii, S.The article covers all the stages of the process of fire protection: as the separation of gases, heat transfer, the swelling of the coating, which is formed during by the action of fire. To determine the fire protection efficiency in the coatings developed, studies have been carried out on determining the combustibility of wood in terms of mass loss and increase in the temperature of flue gases, and it has been established that mass loss of coated wood does not exceed 3% and the temperature does not exceed 160°C. The results of the determination of the protection efficiency for the system have shown that under the influence of the hightemperature flame of burning of the material and the loss of the mass of the coating is reduced due to the formation of high-temperature compounds, while the time to reach the limiting temperature increases. Studies on determining the quality of fire protection wood treatment by coating showed that the rate of cooking for a rough sample of wood was more than 2 mm/min, for fire-proof samples - did not exceed 0.5 mm/min, which makes it possible to conclude that it is advisable to use them.Документ Research of the process of spread of fire on beams of wood of fire-protected intumescent coatings(2019) Tsapko, Yu.; Tsapko, А.; Bondarenko, O.; Sukhanevych, M.; Kobryn, M.The article presents the results of the protection of wooden building structures with intumescent coatings for the resistance to high-temperature flame resistance. The essence of the method of determining the effectiveness of the coating was the impact of standardized flames on fireproof wood and the definition of values. Based on the data obtained, criteria were established that correspond to the degree of damage to the specimens and the increase in the combustion temperature, resulting in a decrease in weight loss. To determine the effectiveness of fire protection in the developed coatings studies on the combustibility of wood in terms of weight loss and flue gas temperature were conducted, and it was found that with coating the degree of damage to the samples in length does not exceed 26%, the degree of damage by mass does not exceed 2% and the flue gas temperature does not exceed 115°C. However, a protective layer that is of considerable thickness to the building structure should be applied to ensure its protection, since, at a higher intensity of thermal action, the fire resistance of the wood may decrease due to the formation of a low coke layer. Full-scale tests using model specimens of wooden beams under the action of a high-temperature flame furnace have shown that the intumescent coating can withstand high temperatures, effectively preventing the penetration of heat into the material due to the formation of a swollen coke layer, which affects the speed and depth of the temperature.Документ Study on physico-mechanical properties of the modified alkaline aluminosilicate adhesive-bonded timber elements(2019) Guzii, S.; Krivenko, P.; Bondarenko, O.; Kopylova, T.The purpose of the work was to study physico-mechanical properties of glued connections of wood rods, toothed lamellae after splicing and corner spike clamping of window frames which were obtained in the production conditions. The alkaline aluminosilicate binder-based adhesive (glue) of the composition 0.8Na2O·Al2O3·4.5SiO2·20H2O modified using organo-mineral additives was used in testing. After solidification of the adhesive, the samples were cut to determine the strength of frame corner joints in bending, glued timber connections for splitting along the grains, toothed glued connections in bending and water resistance of the glued connections of timber elements. The results of these tests showed high values of strength characteristics in case of the proposed modified alkaline aluminosilicate binder-based adhesive (glue), which were by 1.5 times higher than those in case of the WoodMax (D2) taken as a reference glue, and in water resistance complied with Class D2/D3 as per PN-EN 204.Документ Alkaline aluminosilicate binder-based adhesives with increased fire resistance for structural timber elements(2019) Krivenko, P. V.; Guzii, S. G.; Bondarenko, O. P.The paper presents data on the use of the alkaline aluminosilicate binder-based adhesive of the system Na2O•Al2O3•(4-6)SiO2•(17-20)H2O for gluing and fire protection of structural timber elements. The results of the study of thermoresistant phases in the reaction products of the alkaline aluminosilicates are reported and discussed. The results allowed to show that at SiO2/Al2O3 between 5 and 6 the zeolite-like phases of heulandite types, which, under action of temperatures, are able to form a porous aluminosilicate artificial stone with low thermal conductivity (λ=0.09 Wt/m⋅К, DSTU B V.2.7-105-2000 (GOST 7076-99)) are formed in the reaction products. The use of the developed aluminosilicate adhesives allow for to classify the structural timber elements as hardly burnable and hardly flammable materials (GOST 12.1.044-1989, EN 13823 + A1: 2014-12, ASTM E119-07). They have the following characteristics: water resistance D3 (EN 204:2001), resistance in splitting up 7.8 MPa (GOST 16483.5-1973), adhesion in normal pull-off test up to 2.6 MPa (GOST 32299- 2013 (ISO 4624:2002)).Документ Research of the efficiency of the fire fighting roof composition for cane(2019) Tsapko, Y.; Bondarenko, O.; Tsapko, А.Results of experimental researches about affectivity of firebiopotection products made from cane. Due to the unique properties of the cane, such as small volume weight, low thermal conductivity, rather high atmospheric resistance, high chemical resistance, the possibility of manufacturing parts at the site, efficiency, etc., cane products, despite the high pace of new technologies, are widely used in construction. Using cane in construction has a significant number of advantages, but needs protection from fire, from it produce a variety of products, equip the buildings. The unresolved issue of fire protection of products from such materials reduces the possibility of their use in construction. The experimental research on the determination of the firesafety properties of the cane set the ignition of the raw sample, while for fire-proof - the process of ignition and propagation of the flame did not occur. Especially inhibition of the process of ignition and propagation of cane fire treated with a covering impregnation solution, which consist of fire retardants under the influence of temperature with the absorption of heat and the release of noncombustible gases (nitrogen, carbon dioxide), change in the direction of the expansion in the direction of formation of non-combustible gases and heavy-duty coke residue, reducing the combustion of the material and, accordingly, the index of flammability. This indicates the possibility of directed control of the processes of transfer of high temperature to organic material by using special covering compositions for cane products. IntroductionДокумент Перспективи застосування вогнезахищеного очерету на об’єктах різного призначення(Вісник Одеської державної академії будівництва та архітектури. – Одеса: ОДАБА, 2019., 2019) Цапко, Ю. В.; Бондаренко, О. П.; Цапко, О. Ю.Наведено результати експериментальних досліджень щодо ефективності вогнебіозахисту виробів з очерету. Проведеними дослідженнями з визначення пожежонебепечних властивостей очерету встановлено загорання необробленого зразка, натомість для вогнезахищеного – процес займання та поширення полум’я не відбувся. Гальмування процесу займання та поширення полум’я для такого зразка пов’язане з розкладом антипіренів під дією температури з поглинанням тепла та виділенням негорючих газів (азот, діоксин вуглецю), зміною направлення розкладу в сторону утворення негорючих газів і важкогорючого коксового залишку. Це свідчить про можливість переходу очерету при обробленні композицією до матеріалів, які відносяться до помірно займистих та горючих, що не поширюють полум’я поверхнею.