Підводні технології

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Analysis of exploitation of residential five-storey buildings, erected on Zaporizhzhia's subsided grounds
(КНУБА, 2017) Shkoda, Victor; Syomchina, Maria; Shkoda, Andrei
This article gives an analysis of the housing stock Zaporizhzhia, shows the classification of residential buildings on the number of buildings storey and external walls material, considered types of deformations are given recommendations for improving the reliability of operation of five-storey residential buildings at their possible reconstruction. A significant part of Zaporizhzhia housing resources (about 25%) is made up of five-storey residential buildings, so-called "Khrushchovki", which were built according to standard design in the 50 − 60 years of the last century. The term of these buildings exploitation is coming to its critical deadline. The layout of such premises is morally obsolete and does not fit to live in. Besides, buildings of this class have sizeable physical wear be-cause of exploitation complexity on subsided soils. About fifth of old dwellings are deformed owing to subsidence of their foundations. The complex of protective measures, capable to provide required strength and operating buildings qualities in the cases of base soaking are absent.
Analysis of slope at increase of the static load
(КНУБА, 2015) Petrenko, Eduard; Gharakhanlou, Mahdi
Based on the example of the p ilot area in Kiev the influence of the increased static load on the superstructure of the stress-strain state of the slope was studied. The efficiency of the proposed methodology when considering the work of "home-slope-retaining structure" depending on natural and anthropogenic factors was demonstrated.
Approximation of math model of the combined cutting soil`s critical depth with influence of working speed
(КНУБА, 2017) Kravets, Sviatoslav; Zoria, Roman
The purpose is approximation of mathematical model of processes of cutting and loosening of the soil for the receipt of analytical dependence of determination of critical depth of loosening taking into account the working speed at the combined tiered destruction of soil. An approximation based on regression analysis used in the processing of data derived from experiments with a number of parallel observations in the experiment. Built graph of the dependency between relative critical depth, working speed of the working body and angle cutting soil. Identify the value of critical depth loosening for five types of soil and full range of working speeds, depending on the physical and mechanical properties of the soil.
Architectural and structural type of self-propelled tethered underwater vehicles with improved maneuverability
(КНУБА, 2016) Blintsov, Oleksandr
The modern underwater complexes with umbilical tethers development trends overview and their underwater vehicles as technological equipment carriers peculiarities are given. The main disturbances that influence an underwater vehicle motion within underwater complex with umbilical tethers and the quality of work that it performs are described. The constructive elements layout basic concept of an underwater vehicle as a part of an underwater complex with umbilical tethers is analyzed. The propulsive complexes typical configurations are overviewed.The underwater vehicle progressive and rotary spatial motions separation concept is proposed. The concept makes it possible to design underwater vehicles with minimal disturbances influence while moving or positioning at six degrees of freedom and thus provide control quality enhancement of technological equipment installed on an underwater vehicle.The theoretical basis of a new architectural and-structural type of a self-propelled tethered underwater vehicle consisting of rotary and progressive motion platforms is developed.The possible self-propelled tethered underwater vehicle design of the new architectural-and structural type consisting of three propulsive devices and three rotary drives for processing equipment six freedom degrees motion is proposed.
Assessment environmental safety for mangrove biome
(КНУБА, 2016) Kryvomaz, Tetiana
Mangrove ecosystem was analyzed from ecological safety point of view. The comparison anthropogenic impact on some mangrove biome in Brazil and Seychelles show that mangrove in Brazil affected by industrial and anthropogenic loading, whereas on Seychelles recreational disturbance and pollution are biggest problems for mangrove. Threats to mangrove ecosystem include: clearing, overharvesting, water reduce, overfishing, coral reefs destruction, pollution, climate change. Analyses of mangrove soil find big transformation ratio soil elements to mobile forms for Fe (Ks-mf =253,81) and Cu (105,45), which is make this metal accessible for other living organisms and return to nutrient cycle. Mangrove systems support a range of species and provide a number of essentials for many different living organisms. The ability myxomycetes Hemitrichia serpula accumulate Ca (Ka = 443,69) and Zn (247,41) from environ-ment was discover; Ni (60), Mn (16,04) and Pb (11,94) also show high level elements concentra-tion in compere with their content in soil. Mangroves provide a wide range of goods and ecosys-tem services with great economic and environmental consequences. Risk for mangrove assess by exceeding the rate of the disappearance and reduces the capacity to function effectively as a viable ecosystem.
Bezpieczeństwo ekologiczne oraz niezawodność eksploatacyjna obiektów budowlanych na terenach poddanych wpływom osuwisk
(КНУБА, 2017) Wysoczański, Walery; Stanisław, Fic
We współczesnym świecie występuje intensywna ingerencja antropogeniczna w środowisko naturalne i wywołuje ona zjawisko aktywizacji procesów egzogenicznych. Ogromne straty można zaobserwować na różnego typu budowlach, jak na rysunku1. Przy tym zniszczeniu ulegają domy, budowle przemysłowe, różnego typu drogi, trasy kolejowe, linie elektryczne, rurociągi itp. Osuwiska, lawiny, zaktywizowane trzęsienia ziemi powodują coraz poważniejsze zniszczenia w/w obiektów. Sposobem na zapobieganie efektom tych oddziaływań jest przewidywanie ich przebiegu i zawiadomienie o niebezpieczeństwie: zniszczeń, awarii katastrofy globalnej, etc. Jedną z metod badania dynamiki osuwisk, jak i zjawisk tego typu, mogą być badania akustoreologiczne.
Building protection in conditions of simultaneous availability of soil base substantial differential settlements and seismic hazard origins
(КНУБА, 2017) Khokhlin, Denys
The problem of possible combination of soil base substantial differential settlements and seismic action is characterized. This theme is extremely urgent subject to significant negative influence of soil base substantial differential settlements evolution on the construction system seismic stability and also to possibility of continuation of base settlements after earthquake. The article’s aim is to consider of building protection features in conditions of both complex influence simultaneous availability. Sequence of theme uncovering in the article consists of the building protection strategy selection in conditions under consideration; straight consideration of recommended protection measures; approaches to the calculation analysis of developed measures. Differentiation of building protection strategies and approaches to the calculation analysis is occurred on basis of the building responsibility class CC-1, CC-2, CC-3 and possible consequences and costs from damages and collapse of buildings. Approaches for building protection methods from separate influences of base settlements or seismic and also results of pre-existing investigations of such influences combination features are analyzed for separation of proposed possible protection measures complex.
Decorative-formative and spatial organization of representative architecture 1930s − early 1950s as a reflection of the state-ideological goal
(КНУБА, 2018) Bachynska, Liudmyla
Consequently, the architectural and urban heritage frankly reflected the true manifestations of the state-ideological goal of countries with totalitarian political regimes. The architectural legacy of European states significantly differed from that of the USSR by the fact that European states frankly proclaimed the ambition of their own political programs, and the Soviet state with the help of architectural means created an idyll of peacefulness and a bright future.
Determination of critical load of elastic steel column based on experimental data
(КНУБА, 2016) Bilyk, Sergii
We have developed a general approach for assessing critical-strength for the central-compressed steel elements, what have an initial imperfections. The metod is made on the basis of experimental data. The method is a development of the method Tymoshenko-Southwell. In work we show of the solutions several tasks. We demonstrate the possibility to determine of critical strength for the central-compressed steel elements on the basis of experimental data initial geometric imperfections. The results can be used at checking the technical condition of the Central compressed rod in the survey metal structures trusses, columns, structural designs.
Determination of limits for acoustical pollution from main roads at the stage of urban area zoning
(КНУБА, 2017) Priymachenko, Oleksiy; Shilova, Тetiana
At the present time, city planning specialists are capable of taking into account various factors relevant to the development and planning of urban areas with consideration for future environmental pressures and their limits. Due to this, it will be possible to save financial costs when carrying out actions required for decreasing the technogenic impact on the ecology and living environment, and planning the perspectives of regional development. For this reason, the analysis of environmental pressures from the city main roads network is relevant for any city. This paper contains the calculated data on the results of analysis of the city main roads characterized by different planning concepts. These data are required for determining the corresponding planning actions.
E.O.Paton Electric Welding Institute activity in the field of underwater welding and cutting
(КНУБА, 2017) Maksimov, Sergey
Presents the results of E.O.Paton Electric Welding Institute developments on creating electrode materials, equipment and technology for wet underwater welding and cutting. The R&D efforts in this area include investigation of the effect of cooling rate, hydrogen saturation, hydrostatic pressure and other factors upon process of welding and quality of resulting joints, studies of weldability of steels, development of special welding consumables, methods and procedures, elaboration of the basic principles of mechanisation of the wet welding and cutting processes. The experience of wet underwater welding and cutting application is evidence of possibility to apply the methods, at least, for restoration of wharfs, platforms, pipelines, ships and other underwater constructions. The electrodes and flux-cored wires can be used for: - welding the mild steels and low alloyed high strength steels up to 40 mm in thickness with tensile strength of up 600 MPa at the depths down to 30 m; - welding high-alloy corrosion-resistant steels ANSI 304L, 308L, 347 AND 321 type; - cutting of carbon and alloyed steels and non- ferrous alloys up to 40 mm in thickness at the depths down to 60 m.
Energy-saving tecnologies with the use of water treat the magnetic fields
(КНУБА, 2015) Zhuravska, Nataliya; Malkin, Eduard
The current hypotheses of water structure and influence of the magnetic field on the change in its structure have been analyzed. The hypotheses of the feasibility of using highfrequency electromagnetic fields to enhance their impact on the water structure and the stability of this process have been formulated. Experimental studies using water treated in the high-frequency electromagnetic fields for the ecoconcrete production have been carried out.
Environmental Management Methods for Trunk Road Adjacent Urban Areas
(КНУБА, 2019) Priymachenko, Oleksiy
The efficient operation of all types of transport is an essential condition for the stable operation of Ukrainian economy. Since the transport industry of Ukraine is closely connected to almost all branches of production and social sphere, its trends in development follow the general dynamics of the country's economic development. At the same time, transport industry's development priorities should take into account the distinguishing features of road transport as a fast, convenient, mobile, socially significant mode of transport whose activities are subject to certain safety and environmental risks and guided by international regulatory and legal codes and standards. Today there are more than 1 million trucks and approx. 7 million cars in Ukraine, and this number is growing. This, in turn, leads to an increase in fuel and energy resources consumed by motor vehicles. Raising requirements on the ecological condition of the urban environment causes a problem in the effective planning and functioning of protective and planning elements of trunk road adjacent areas. Trunk road adjacent areas are those located along the main street and road network within the boundaries from the trunk road to the construction line. These are the boundaries of the location of houses and structures related to the red lines, according to the construction line definition. They account for about 15…30% of the city's area. The study of methodological foundations of sustainable development of urbanized areas should be based on a comprehensive, problem-oriented approach of various related scientific studies. There-fore, the task of studying the environmental impact of the main street network is relevant for the city. Thus, the city's main street and road network can be called the main source of complex ecological impacts, particularly on the intra-city environment and the environment, i.e. the urban eco-system as a whole. All-natural components of the urban environment, namely, geological, atmospheric, hydrological environment, are subject to harmful anthropogenic impact of the street and road network. The most critical is the atmospheric air condition, whose deterioration is a planetary scale problem.
Fractality of concentric structures in space of ecologic-urban planning systems
(КНУБА, 2017) Ustinova, Iryna
Conditions and stages of formation of the fractally embedded set of concentric zones of accessibility of cities on the example of Kiev are considered. The number of “levels of embedding” of such a set depends on the attractiveness and status of the city. It was established that discontinuity of space developing is associated with economic develop ment and engineering and transport networks. A rapid growth of these networks leads to the transformation of the traditionally central type of irregularity of developing the space into the multinuclear clustered systems of settlement. In the zone of Kiev influence, there are five qualitatively differed by intensity of socioeconomic links and speed of movement belts are distinguished. On the base of quantitative characteristics of these belts, it was established that in successive transition of developmental processes from local to regional and interregional levels of integrity of the ecologic-urban planning system − “population↔environment”, the expansion of its spatial boundaries and peculiar “compression” of temporary ones occur that is manifested by intermittent increase in the radius of city’s influence area – the center of system of settlement expressed in kilometers. For analysis of processes of multi-level development of ecologic-urban planning systems, the dynamics of indices of development is not as much important as characteristics of their accelerations.
Functioning of filter structures in changing velocity conditions over time
(КНУБА, 2017) Kravchuk, Oleksandr
One of the main constructions, which are used for preparing water of necessary quality, is rapid filter. Functioning of such structures, as a rule, takes place in free-flow regime. Structures operation time depends on two main parameters: water treatment quality and provision of necessary calculated discharge. In this case it is accepted that fluid velocity in a filter bed is constant. In fact, functioning of such structures can differ from reviewed ones. A variant of rapid filters operation under substantial variation of filtration velocity was analyzed in the article. Specific operation conditions of such structures and differential equations, which describe water flow in filter medium and intensity of contaminants removal, were reviewed. As the result of conducted research, variation over time of suspended particles concentration in the filtrate, filter productivity, quantity of not clari- fied suspension which accumulates over filter bed under various sorption properties of filter medium was shown. Engineering calculation methodology of filtration structures main characteristics, including technological filtration time, filtration cycle duration and optimal filter media height were suggested. Mentioned calculated relations and equations were illustrated by example series with typical initial data.
Geoportal as a means to popularize geological heritage of Ukraine
(КНУБА, 2017) Zatserkovnyi, Vitalii; Oberemok, Nataliia; Berezina, Polina
The article discusses issues of using geological natural monuments (GNM) for scientific and educational purposes. It is a part of a general problem of preservation and use of geological heritage of the Earth, which has become internationally important lately. Local and international practice shows the need for thematic geotours that heavily rely on geological natural monuments.
Impact of a hard cylinder with flat surface on the elastic layer
(КНУБА, 2017) Bogdanov, Vladislav
Here author investigates the stressstrain states of an elastic layer engaged in impact with a hard cylinder with flat surface. The initial contact proceeds by that flat surface. We consider the contact problem with a dynamically changing contact zone. We use the same approach as in [2,3], which is based on the reduction of the basic dynamical equations of the system stamp-layer to an infinite system of Volterra integral equations of the second kind. This approach sets the stage for the efficient numerical analysis of the problem and for reliably determining the quantitative dynamical and kinematic characteristic describing the collision process as functions of the initial impact velocity and the parameters of the elastic layer.
Influence of historical events on construction of temples in Kyiv till 1917
(КНУБА, 2017) Bachynska, Olga
Kyiv is ancient city with a unique history. A huge role in its development the temples have played [19]. Down to ХХ of century they influenced formation of city structure, appearance of building, general impression from urban environment and life of the population. In ХХ century the most part of temples was destroyed, the ancient town planning structure is destroyed too [3]. But the historical past continues to influence life of modern Kyiv today.
Integrated monitoring the technical condition of large-scale building structure
(КНУБА, 2017) Gaidaychuk, Victor; Kotenko, Konstantin; Tkachenko, Ivan
The results of the equipping of the International exhibition center (IEC) building with comprehensive technical condition monitoring system are given. The characteristic features of the existing systems are formulated. The first three basic frequency magnitudes and the natural modes of vibrations corresponding to them are the most informative. The basic magnitudes of natural frequencies and the building vibration directions are determined by means of the calculation method using established adequate finite-element model and experimental verification. The directors of improvement suggested monitoring system were noted.
Kinematics parameters of twosectional trencher's
(КНУБА, 2017) Sukach, Mykhailo; Lysak, Sergіj
The analyses of working process of trencher that fully uncovers the pipeline along its perimeter, was made. Interrelations between kinematic and geometric parameters of the working equipment were defined.