Vol. 1

Постійний URI для цього зібранняhttps://repositary.knuba.edu.ua/handle/987654321/38

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Зараз показуємо 1 - 15 з 15

Analysis of the multicollinear econometric model parameters with a rank deficient observation matrix
(KNUCA, 2018-03-12) Kutovy, Viktor; Katunina, Olga; Shutovsky, Oleg
The topic of determining informative predictors, forming rational exogenous variables, substantiating the dimension and structure of predictor spaces is considered. The purpose of design and selection of characteristics is to prevent the effect of retraining, reduce the dimension in studying the processes apart from a master, build classifiers, reflect the process of dividing data into classes and determine the boundaries of solutions in limited space, as well as reasonable interpretation, provide in-depth understanding of the model and data for studying, visualization in spaces, the dimension of which is perceived by the researcher. The design predictor spaces and develop effective procedures problems for estimating the parameters of econometric models with multicollinear variables are developed. The study was made under alternative approaches to form the interdependencies models features. A mathematical toolkit is proposed for calculating the parameters of a linear econometric model in case of rank deficient observation matrix, based on the study of singular expansions. Using a singular toolkit for decomposing and analyzing the data matrix makes it possible to increase the operational efficiency and predictive quality of the procedures for estimating econometric models parameters. The mathematical approach to the construction of models of the interdependence of factors is intended to select characteristics and construct predictor spaces in the study of systems with multicollinear variables and rank deficient observation matrix.
Decorative-formative and spatial organization of representative architecture 1930s − early 1950s as a reflection of the state-ideological goal
(Lira-K, 2018-07-19) Bachinska, Liudmila
During the first half of the social history ХХ century of European countries and the Soviet Union as a reaction to world events: the First World War, the revolutionary outbreaks in many European countries, the political, economic and cultural crisis, the disappointment of various segments of the population in the existing political regimes − in the European countries were born national-socialist parties that in some states formed totalitarian political regimes on the basis of a single party headed by a leader. From the side of state power, the replacement of the system of government led to the need for the formation of the urban environment as a carrier of a new state ideology, from the side of society there was a birth of a new social consciousness, which inevitably reflected in new directions of development of culture and architecture During the 1930s, the Soviet Union, both theoretically and practically, consolidated itself in positions of totalitarianism of the authorities with corresponding changes in architecture. Due to the common features in the system of governance, European states and the USSR certainly had common directions in architecture − axial symmetry, which as an architectural means always proclaims the order in the state, the large scale of buildings − a sign of strength and invincibility, composition based on the subordination of parts as a whole, reflecting the need for praise of power. But the differences in social stratification, which is natural in European countries, created on the basis of taking into account the property status of the owner, and artificial, adopted in the USSR, on the basis of the rise of the social role of the worker as a social hegemonic, led to the embodiment to the architecture a different state-ideological goal: in European countries − the ideal of strength, power, order, national superiority over other peoples; in the Soviet Union − equality, reliability of the protection of the state, a bright future in the life of the people.
Efficiency of use of high-strength concrete in reinforced concrete structures
(Lira-K, 2018-02-28) Kutsyk, Olena
The analysis of the use of modern high-strength concrete in world practice is carried out. The advantages and disadvantages of highstrength concrete have been analyzed. The existing examples of the implementation of high-strength concrete in the world and their types and areas of application are considered. The prospects for using high-strength concrete in the construction industry of Ukraine are determined.Use of qualitative materials for the construction of supporting structures of high-rise building, and the construction of bridges, tunnels and other highly responsible buildings and structures. High-strength concrete with high durability, waterproof and gas tightness, corrosion resistance due to its homogeneous structure is efficient and promising for maintenance of all needs. In this work, samples of cubes, prisms, beams were developed and tested experimentally to determine and consider the efficiency of using high strength concrete in bending elements. In this article there are presented experimental results of tests, data on the selection of the effective composition of concrete mixture, and provided experimental samples with characteristic fractures. On the samples of the cubes that were presented, it can be seen the principles of destruction − the class C20 with normal destruction, and in the classes C60 and C80 there is a fragile nature of destruction. Also, the results of tests of prism fractures of classes C20, C60 and C80 were presented, where examples of fracture are also provided and elastic moduli of the samples were determined. The combined table showed cubic and prism strength, which shows the effectiveness of applying high-strength concrete in comparison with traditional concrete, since in concrete increase the compressive strength and the relative tensile strength, density, decreases the porosity and the structure is generally improved. The results of experimental studies of durability and crack resistance of reinforced concrete beams made of high-strength concrete are presented and compared with beams of ordinary concrete.
Features of cadastral accounting and monitoring of water facilities in Ukraine
(Lira-K, 2018) Petrakovska, Olga; Dubnytska, Marharyta
Presents the peculiarities and problems of water bodies cadastral account in Ukraine. The results of analyses the regulatory framework in the field of water bodies monitoring and account in cadastre are presented. Authors compare approaches to the water objects classification of Ukrainian and European legislation and the science of hydrology. The article presents a consolidated list of types of water bodies with definitions in terms of cadastre. Authors consider objects classification of the cadastral systems according to their dimension, that is, the ability to simulate the real world object in a certain amount of spatialtemporal measurements. The system of water management authorities in Ukraine and distribution of responsibilities between them are also analyzed. Authors identified some problems such as mutual duplication of functions, and sometimes even conflicts over the division of powers between different executive bodies. The system of water objects state registration in Ukraine according to the current legislation is formalized. In particular, the systems for water objects account in Ukraine are analyzed in detail. Authors have sent information requests for public information to the authorities, that manage State Water Cadastre in Ukraine (the State Agency of Water Resources of Ukraine, the State Service of Ukraine for Emergency Situations, the State Service of Geology and Subsoil of Ukraine). On the basis of responses analysis the status of State Water Cadastre in Ukraine is investigated and its ability to carry out managerial tasks is evaluated. It is proved that water bodies account in existing twodimensional cadastral systems in principle cannot be complete and adequate, as water objects are three-dimensional in nature. Finally, authors recommend to develop a single, three-dimensional monitoring and account system for water objects in Ukraine.
Impact a circular cylinder with a flat on an elastic layer
(Lira-K, 2018-01-02) Bogdanov, Vladislav
In the work the comparison of the results of solving two plane problems is performed: the impact of a circular cylinder with a plane platform parallel to the cylinder axle (the flat) with an elastic layer and a second − plane strain state of nonstationary interaction of a circular cylinder with a flat with an elastic layer in a purely elastic and elastic-plastic mathematical formulation corresponding. The first contact occurs along the plane of the flat. A good coincidence of the results of the second problem at an elastic stage with the results of the first problem is shown. In the author's works a new approach was developed to solve plane and tree dimension problems of impact and non-stationary interaction in an elastoplastic formulation. The crack growing was simulated using an elastoplastic mathematical model. The numerical solution was obtained using the finite difference method scheme.The use of an elastic-plastic formulation makes it possible: 1) determine the stress-strain state at the points determined by the partitioning grid of the computational domain, not only on the surface; 2) to give a reliable description of the development of plastic deformations − the stage corresponding to plasticity is a continuation of the elastic stage; 3) reliably determine the destruction toughness. A method has been developed for calculating plastic strain fields and destruction toughness of the material using the solutions of dynamic plane problems of the stress-strain state in an elastoplastic formulation taking into account possible material unloading; 4) to verify and calibrate the solution of problems in an elastoplastic formulation for the first steps by time when the deformation process is elastic, it is convenient to use the solution of the corresponding elastic problem.
Methodology of studies for selecting engineering decisions in territory planning
(KNUCA, 2018-03-10) Priymachenko, Oleksiy; Kobzar, Oleksandr
The vigorous growth of cities and reduction of free territories for building construction necessitate the development of town areas with complex geotechnical conditions. The complexity of construction in such areas causes increase of construction costs and, as a result, decrease of profitability in the real estate market and occurrence of additional risks in developing the corresponding areas. In the initial stage of design, that is, in the stage of technical-and-economic assessment, there is a need to select engineering planning decisions and to adopt the corresponding arrangement of engineering protective structures in the design area. Unavailability of an algorithm for solving this problem in the initial design stage often causes a need for redesign and for development of several design variants, and as a result, for increase of design periods and for attraction of additional costs. For this purpose, it is required to analyze factors affecting selection of engineering protective structures and use of such structures in certain development areas, as well as to develop an information model for selecting engineering protective structures for specific territories. The practicability of anti-landslide measures is determined with consideration for the basic causes of landslides. Therefore, the priority task is to determine the causes and types of landslides. Landslide protective structures selected with consideration for causes and types of landslides and in the next study stage is to determine the loads. The selection of optimal landslide protective structures is based on the results of engineering-geological studies and on the results of comparison of several design variants. Exactly, in selecting landslide protective structures required, models can be used. The engineering decision in territory planning should be taken by comparing variants of landslide protective structures with consideration for initial and calculated data. The proposed information model will provide the possibility to determine, in earlier design stages, the technology and cost of construction. The proposed methodology of studies for selecting engineering decisions in territory planning provides the possibility to predict the investment attractiveness of the development area and its profitability in the real estate market. The results obtained can be used in developing town-planning information bases for territories. The actuality of these studies is confirmed by development density and competition among builders in taking decisions and reducing risks.
Methods of determination of territorial resources in conditions of compacted urban development (using Kyiv as an example)
(KNUCA,, 2018) Bakun, Kateryna; Pleshkanovska, Alla
The article highlights the results of the analysis of domestic and foreign experience of application of the applied coatings and a modifiеd typology of roofs based on their geometric and structural features is proposed. The following factors that influence taking the decision on the need and directions of the use of the used roofs are provided. On the basis of the analysis of the dynamics of the normative and actual indicators of urban development, the constant growth of the development density and growth of the lack of territory for greenery and other elements of the population service are proved. The described methods for the determination of the resource potential of urban areas are normative method, comparative and calculation method. A new calculation method for identifying potential territorial resources of micro districts, blocks or individual plots due to the use of exploited roofs in conditions of compacted urban development has been proposed. The mathematical model is based on taking into account the geometric type of the roof, type of historically originated development, its technical condition and the availability of the status of the cultural heritage monument. Coefficients for the calculation of the potential territorial resource have been experimentally determined. Based on the example of Kyiv, using GIS-technologies, a specialized database for identifying a potential territorial resource has been formed. The recommendations for placement on differеnt types of objects on the exploited roofs depending on the frequency of their visit and the cityplanning situation have been provided. The methodical scheme for the determination of a potential territorial resource due to the use of exploited roofs in the development of urban planning, design and land management documentation has been proposed.
Modeling the reliability of the recycled water supply system in the conditions of global warming
(KNUCA, 2018-01-14) Nazarenko, Oleksiy
Abstract. The issues of re-used water for recreational purposes were studied. The organic system of the enterprise may be a recycled system of water supply, hermetically sealed and equipped with automatic sensors, in every sense. It is also appropriate to use the remote controlling for thermal engineering parameters at factory sections using GPS modules. The importance of the corporate accent lies in the creation of social responsibility for service-managers and mechanics for each resource saving actions and future economic preferences. The most perspective and socially motivated direction of recycling is the modeling of balance of different water flows, considering the quality of chemical components. Currently, citizens and the administration of technoparks evaluate the clean water for such indicators: - water safety (sanitary and epidemiological requirements); - availability of water (quantity and quality); - stability water quality (water for ecosystems, water for health, water for sustainable development); - climate change and water security. To conform these indicators, an experiments were undertaken for different work modes of enterprise equipment. So to determine the optimal amount of fresh water supply, the second order of central orthogo- nal compositional planning is used. Mathematic model was obtained during scientific experiment. The system modeling considering hardness of water supply (1,5…10,5 m-q/l), the water alkalin- ity (1,5…10 m-q/l) gives the predictive data on the permissible coefficient of circulating water evapo ration. On the basis of this simulation, it is advisable to recommend the preparation of artificial recharge supply with water hardness of 1,5 m-q/l at the enterprises. It will allow the system to operate at evaporation coefficient of 2,55 and save fresh water volume, equal to the production cycle. So the using of agricultural waste (chitosan) shows the possibility of its using for local sewage water cleaning of industrial cycles. The same solution can be used to feed vegetable and ornamental crops, in the local agricultural landscape of the enterprise. Development of the subsidiary production, allows to expand the range of production and to improve the company's image.
Physiological model of one materialized human thought
(2018-01-12) Kondratenko, Victoria
Abstract. In this article, the creation in the second signal system of a correct reflex ring – physiological model of one of the materialized elementary, or compound human thoughts – is shown on a specific example. As tools, functionally full formal language and predicate logic language are used. The methodology is described in the Theory of axiomatic modeling of Kondratenko [1]. As any other functional problem in any domain, according to the Theory, the problem is interpreted in mathematical logic as a theorem which is subject to proof. The reflex ring is physiological model of one of materialized elementary, or compound, thoughts of the specific person, as the ring represents a fragment of neural network of the person. The logical work of concepts of knowledge reflected in concepts No.1 – 7, is guaranteed to provide the creation of the correct reflex ring having the property of "being physiological model of one of the materialized elementary, or compound thoughts of a person". At reflection on visual carriers of any concrete functionally complete sense received in the course of knowledge of the natural and man-made phenomena of the universe, only purely formulary texts are an ideal format in terms of quantity of the symbols necessary for these purposes. Even the axiomatic format of reflection of the specified meanings demands one-two orders more of symbols, not to mention a verbal format from which the order of magnitude of formulary symbols can exceed four in certain cases. Special importance is gained by this fact at reflection on visual carriers of biological and medical knowledge.
The meanings and techniques of lighting in the car service
(2018-01-19) Рetrunya, Olga
The notion of a harmonious light environment involves the execution of a variety of sos-free functions. First of all, it is the creation of comfortable living conditions for people, which is to ensure the safety of traffic and pedestrians and the holistic perception of city accounting in the dark period of time. The provision of light comfort in the evening and at night is achieved on the basis of rationally selected quantitative and qualitative characteristics of artificial lighting, which are regulated by the norms.Use of territories under the car-care center is used by special measures for engineering improvement. This makes it possible to create a high level of general and artistic and aesthetic perception of the objects of the city's car service.Quality lightning is profitable. Since, the good lightning of the city reduces the number of injuries in an accident. The level of personal safety currently depends on the quality of lighting of courtyards, footpaths and playgrounds. Information to enrich or change the emotional comfort of a person is possible with the help of the right color. The basis of the formation of architectural and urban light space play of colors of the light are solved by multiple tasks: there is a light floral environment, take into account the stakes and the transfer of the color from artificial light sources at night. It is not allowed color bright "separation", bright" failure", excessive brightness, which violates the unity of the composition. The quality of light delivery depends on the spectral composition of the light source, which determines its light transmission. Lighting techniques are aimed at identifying the characteristics and effects of lighting. Lighting of facades of buildings with general flood lighting should provide visibility of its decorative and plastic elements. The main requirement for the system of light ensembles of the city is-taking into account the visual perception of a person of the illuminated object in space.
The methods of homotopic skeletonization of bit-mapped drawings of parts of sea transport
(Lira-K, 2018-12-10) Molchanova, Vira
Solution of the problem of recognition and vectorization of parts of sea transport requires formation of skeletonized images, homotopic (geometrical primitives, topologically equivalent in shape and their coherence) to parts’ shapes. The author has performed a comparative analysis of the best methods of parallel, topological skeletonization of the area objects, based upon application of space extractors. The analysis showed that the methods existing in the investigated objects zone possessed typical drawbacks, expressed in iterative distortions of primitive topology and their compositions. The objective of the article is to through the light upon the developed methods of improvement of topological equivalence of the resulting skeletons to the shapes of the parts of sea transport, by means of gradual correction of typical distortions of skeletons. The developed methods assumes correction of skeleton’s iterative distortions by modified extractors of the principal method of skeletonization and restoration of the resulting skeleton by extractors of restoration of homotopic skeleton, on the basis of developed rules of its reconstruction. Execution of the proposed method was carried out on example of the basic method Wu R.Y. & Tsai W.H. Examples of the results of skeletonization of parts’ drawings were given, verifying efficiency of the proposed methods. The methods can be adapted to the methods of topological skeletonization of area objects, based upon application of space extractors.
Urban planning aspects of stability theory of ecological town planning systems
(KNUBA, 2018-03-19) Ustinova, Iryna
The study of the problems of sustain-able development of the ecological and urban planning system " population ↔ environment" of various levels of its functional and spatial integrity (local, regional, national, world-wide) reveals a number of fundamental provisions that establish the conceptual foundations of a new direction in urban planning science that potentially exists in certain individual works. The development of urban planning aspects of the stability theory is based on the fundamental concept of the physico-mathematical stability theory that is more developed at the present time and the research findings, which established the cyclical nature of the multilevel processes of wave development of the "population ↔ environment" system. The urban planning stability theory studies the nature of the vibrational development of urbanization processes accelerating in a multi-level ecological space. The paper reveals a number of similarities and fundamental differences in the states of stability and the dynamic pattern that are inherent in the development of living and inanimate natural systems. Regarding the differences in state of equilibrium:equilibrium is the goal of development for living systems within a certain cycle and the level of their spatial integrity. For inanimate systems equilibrium is the initial state. Concerning the differences in the stability of the location of the "center of mass": the "center of mass" should occupy the highest possible position (in the range of ecological equilibrium) for living systems; for the inanimate-to take the lowest possible position. When developing the urban development aspects of stability theory were used such concepts of physical and mathematical stability theory as: asymptotic stability; stability "in time" according to Lyapunov; stability "in space" ("stable − unstable node", "stable − nonstable focus ", "stable center"). Marked concepts are important for the analysis of multi-level processes of accelerat-ing development of the ecological and urban plan-ning system; forecasting the direction of its further changes; determination of focuses and parameters of application of urban planning regulatory influ-ences; adapted sustainable development manage- ment.
Аналітичні системи інженерного захисту територій як компонента біосферосумісного будівництва
(Lira-K, 2017-11-01) Чернишев, Денис
Статтю присвячено інтеграції математичних моделей екологічних процесів у геоінформаційні системи моніторингу та еколого-інженерного захисту територій морського та річкового узбережжя при їх забудові. Описано комплекс методів, прийомів, алгоритмів та програмного забезпечення, яке було апробовано та впроваджено на практиці для розв’язання важливих прикладних задач обґрунтування змісту та регламенту організаційно-технологічних заходів забезпечення біосферосумісного будівництва з врахуванням особливостей механічних, гідродинамічних та сейсмічних властивостей ґрунтів та моделювання екологічних процесів у водних екосистемах в Україні. Отримані результати дозволять підвищити ефективність використання математичних моделей екологічних процесів, розширити аналітичні можливості геоінформаційних систем моніторингу та покращити візуалізацію результатів математичних досліджень при моделюванні напружено-деформованого стану системи «основа – захисна споруда» в широкому діапазоні навантажень, як на етапі будівництва так і на етапі експлуатації. Проаналізовано проектне рішення забезпечення організаційно-технологічної надійності будівництва з позиції можливості реалізації функцій біосферосумісного міста і впровадження інноваційних конструктивних та архітектурно-планувальних рішень. У разі недостатнього врахування законів взаємодії між суспільством і природою містобудування супроводжується значним негативним (антропогенним і техногенним) впливом на природне середовище, що загрожує катастрофічними наслідками для біосфери і людини. За результатами аналізу робиться висновок про принципову необхідність прийняття нової містобудівної політики і впровадження біосферосумісних технологій при будівництві та реконструкції міських споруд.
Декомпозиція операторних рівнянь на основі агрегаційно-ітеративного підходу
(Lira-K, 2018-07-03) Гавриленко, Валерій; Обшта, Анатолій; Шувар, Богдан
Побудовано і досліджено агрегаційно-ітеративний алгоритм для нелінійних операторних рівнянь, що охоплює методи ітеративного агрегування для однопараметричного і багатопараметричного випадків та містить як часткові випадки алгоритмів, так і алгоритм, що використовується для дослідження стійкості рішень диференціальних рівнянь в банаховому просторі. Отримано достатні умови збіжності методів ітеративного агрегування і їх узагальнень, які, на відміну від відомих результатів не містять обмежень щодо знакосталості і монотонності відповідних операторів, а також, не потребують, щоб ці оператори були стискуючими. Результати досліджень можуть, наприклад, мати застосування при розв’язанні системи лінійних алгебраїчних рівнянь високої розмірності, які описують планові задачі в математичній економіці, та при розв’язанні лінійних інтегральних рівнянь і їх систем та при розв’язанні систем алгебраїчних трансцендентних рівнянь високої розмірності і нелінійних інтегральних рівнянь.
Теоретические основы расчета скобовидных пластинчатых рессор
(Lira-K, 2018-10-09) Сукач, Михаил
Даны теоретические основы расчета на прочность скобовидной пластинчатой рессоры. Она представляет собой упругую пластину, концы которой отклонены от ее средней части в одну и ту же сторону и выполнены в виде консолей, снабженных приспособлениями для шарнирного крепления. Средняя часть пластины расположена параллельно линии действия нагрузки. Пластина выполнена с переменным по длине сечением, при этом в каждом сечении ось, относительно которой момент инерции сечения максимален, перпендикулярна плоскости изгиба рессоры. Запатентованная рессора спроектирована как «балка равного сопротивления». Приведенные расчетные схемы и основные уравнения напряженного состояния скобовидной пластинчатой рессоры не обусловлены какой-либо определенной формы ее поперечного сечения. Рассмотрены напряженное состояние скобовидной пластинчатой рессоры прямоугольного поперечного сечения с прямой нейтральной осью в ненагруженном состоянии.Методика проектировочного и поверочного расчетов приведена для различных профилей ее поперечного сечения. Расчет относится к средней части рессоры и полкам, непосредственно примыкающим к упругому устройству для шарнирного соединения рессоры со смежной с нею деталью конструкции. Рассмотрен случай, при котором нейтральная линия рессоры в первоначальном состоянии имеет большую или меньшую кривизну. Это − участки перехода от полок к полотну или участки, занимающие всю протяженность полок, если последние специально выполнены криволинейными. Поскольку кривизна таких участков велика, то их расчет выполнятся с учетом особенностей изменения напряженного состояния в кривых брусьях. Даны рекомендации для выбора допускаемых напряжений при проектировочном и поверочном расчете скобовидной пластинчатой рессоры на прочность и наибольших эквивалентных напряжений, определенных в наиболее опасных сечениях устройства. Они должны быть сопоставлены с напряжениями, допускаемыми для данного расчетного режима. При этом рассматриваются случаи двукратного статического испытания на максимальную нагрузку и многократного (циклического) динамического нагружения при изменении знака напряжения в рессоре.